Chapter 1 Flashcards
What does OAML stand for and what is its purpose?
Ontario Association of Medical Laboratories
Works with government to represent medical lab field and assist in forming legislations, health programs, policies, etc
What does OSMT stand for and what is its purpose?
Ontario Society of Medical Technologists
Ontario version of CSMLS. Con Ed, certification, and professional image for MLTs
What does CSMLS stand for and what is its purpose?
Canadian Society for Medical Laboratory Scientists
National certification, con Ed, set professional medical laboratory standards
what does CLSI stand for and what is its purpose?
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
Global institute- 4000 world ahealth care organizations & governing bodies
Set global standards and guidelines for all testing and procurement procedures.
What is proficiency testing?
Evaluates quality of laboratory performance based on accuracy, precision, and speed in testing of control samples sent out to labs
what does OLA stand for and what is its purpose?
Ontario Laboratory Accreditation
Operate under the OMA and MOHLTC to certify laboratories to be allowed to test.
5 year, 2 year, or withdrawal of accreditation
What does IQMH stand for and what is its purpose?
Institute for Quality Management in Healthcare
Responsible for quality of laboratory services
Accreditation- 5 year cycle
Proficiency Testing- slides sent out for assessment
Education- con Ed
What does PHIPA stand for and what is its purpose?
Personal Health Information Safety Act
Protecting individual health care information
Defines rules for A) collection of info
B)sharing of info
C) use of info
what does PIPEDA stand for and what is its purpose?
Personal Information Protection for Electronic Documents Act
Oversees facilitation of confidentiality and protection of personal health info.
Handles complaints of violations
Ensures compliance through audits and is overseen by the privacy commissioner of Canada
What is the order of the laboratory hierarchy?
Laboratory/ Medical director Laboratory manager laboratory Supervisor(also reports to director) Laboratory senior MLT MLA /T clerical
What is the role of laboratory pathologists?
Pathologists oversee lab tests and consult (physicians clinical)
Also anatomical pathology which includes biopsies and histology, etc
Each lab discipline must have at least 1 pathologist (directly below medical director)
What do Laboratory seniors do?
Scheduling, quality controls analysis
Technical inquiries
Performs small amounts of testing daily
What so laboratory supervisors do?
Technical inquiries
Supervises tests and lab personnel
May do tests in small labs
What do laboratory managers do?
Oversee budgets and labs
What do medical directors do?
Oversee administrative aspects of technical and scientific operations.
Supervise and report test results
Endures legal requirements are met
What are rules for storing chemicals in laboratories?
Only keep/store what is needed
Keep complete inventory of supplies
Keep away from sunlight and heat
Store liquids below eye level
Shelves should have lips and large containers should be placed on lower shelves
What are some rules for handling chemical waste in a lab?
Chem. Waste must be inventoried and stored the same as normal waste
Must be disposed of by licensed company (Detox)
What is Class F of WHMIS and what are some precautions to take when handing them?
Dangerously reactive materials
Unstable and at react to jarring, compression, heat, etc
May produce gasses or explode when mixed
Store away from any factors that may cause reaction
What substances are class E and what are some rules for handling them?
Corrosive materials
Can erode metals and burn body tissues
Are oxidizers and are therefore incompatible with flammable materials
Do not store in fridge, and always use in fume hood
May react to produce heat and gasses
Store acids and bases separately
Use acid resistant safety cabinet and use the most dilute solutions possible
What are class D materials and what are some general use rules?
Poisonous and infectious materials
Use bio safety cabinets for dangerous substances
d1- immediate effect
D2- long term effects
D3- biohazardous
What are class c materials and how should they be handled?
Oxidizing materials
Use in solutions, not dry form
What are class b substances and what precautions should be taken?
Flammable and combustible material
B1- flammable gas B2- flammable liquid B3- combustible liquid b4-flammable solid B5- flammable aerosol B6-reactive flammable material
Stored in flammable cabinets
Small amounts kept in safety hoods
Contents and location of class b must be labelled on a map
What is a class a substance?
Compressed gas
Upright and secured,
No dragging
Open valves slowly & check for leaks
Workplace labels must include what?
Name of material, reference to MSDS, and safety directions.
What do supplier labels need to have?
Product name Supplier name Hazard symbol Risk phrases Precautionary statements First aid info Reference to MSDS
What are some droplet precautions?
Visitors log
Private room if possible, if not, 3ft clearance
Surgical mask when within 3 ft
What are some contact precautions?
Visitors log
Gloves and gown (worn entering, removed before exiting)
Wash hands after removing gloves
Dedicate set of equipment for patient
What are some airborne precautions?
Visitors log
Negative pressure room
N95 respirator
What does OHSA stand for and what do they do?
Ontario Health and Safety Act
Responsible for health and safety in Ontario workplaces
JHSC
Spontaneous inspections performed by ministry of labour
What is a flammable liquid?
A liquid with a flash point of less that 22 C
What is a combustible liquid?
Flash point greater than 22 C
What is volatile liquid?
A liquid that evaporates quickly
Should even small amounts of class B be kept under fume hoods?
Yes
What should HCL never be store with?
Nitric acid. Creates chlorine gas.
How long are MSDS sheets good for?
3 years
Name 4 types of disinfectants
Alcohol (70%- phlebotomy)
Glutaraldehyde- good for metal
Bleach- most common. Corrosive to metals. Usually 1%.
Phenols- variety available
What is decontamination and what are the different types?
Removal of microorganisms. For reuse or disposal.
Sterilization- all microorganisms + spores. Autoclave, incineration, chemical disinfectants
Disinfection- microorganisms but not spores. used for phlebotomy autoclave, chemical disinfectants
What are a patients rights?
Right to refuse treatment
Right to be treated with dignity and respect
Right to confidentiality
Right to know what you’re about to do and why
What are some traits that display good ethics as a HCP?
Integrity
Honesty
Organization
Professionalism- how well do you know your profession
- dedication to continued education
- sharing info with colleagues relevant to improved practice
When are signs necessary in the laboratory?
Emergency info sign on entry door with emergency phone #
Radioactive and chemical hazard signs on relevant hazards
No smoking, eating drinking, etc
Location of fire blanket, safety shower, extinguisher, etc clearly marked
What are some administrative and engineering precautions that can be taken in the lab?
Lab should not be overcrowded
Lab should be made of impervious materials
Written decontamination, disinfection, and sterilization protocols should be developed - OHSA requires written protocols to be developed
What are the 4 main components of WHMIS?
Hazard identification
Labelling
MSDS sheets
Worker training
- under OHSA. Ministry of labour conducts inspections and enforces.
- applies to all workplaces with controlled substances
What does LSCCLA stand for and what is its purpose?
laboratory and Specimen Collection Centre Licensing Act (Ontario)
Issues licenses defining exactly what testing may be done at what site and defines who can order.
- qualified practitioner in Ontario
- dentists (limited)
- midwives (limited)
- nurse practitioner (limited)
- health professionals outside of Ontario if lawful.
- insurance companies
Also defines to who results can be shared
- directly to person who ordered test unless with written consent
- ‘report must include -name of lab that received specimen
- name and address of lab that performed testing
What kinds of results must be reported?
Communicable finding must be reported to Medical Officer within 24hrs.
In area of testing
In area where specimen was taken
What does MOHLTC stand for and what is its purpose?
Ministry of Health and Long Term Care
Responsible for all health care services in Ontario
Health insurance Long term care Assistive devices Drug benefits Home care Community/public health Health promotion + disease prevention
Also regulates hospitals, nursing homes, medical laboratories, psychiatric hospitals and emergency health services
What does CHA stand for and what is its purpose?
Canadian health act
Determines criteria & conditions for Medicare at provincial level (must meet min requirements)
What does RHPA stand for and what is its purpose?
Regulated Health Professions Act
Regulates 23 health professions
Protects public from harm
Makes health professionals answerable to the public
Promotion of quality in HCP
Allows patients to choose HCP
Who carries out the RHPA?
MOHLTC
Regulatory colleges (CMLTO)
health professions appeal and review board
Regulatory advisory council
What is the CMLTO?
College of medical laboratory technologists of Ontario
Carries out RHPA
Self regulated- 50% elected 50% appointed
Protects publics right to health care that is safe, effective, and ethical
Categories of hazards are?
Chemical
Biological
Psychological
Ergonomic
Physical
What organization is responsible for quality assessment in Ontario?
QMPLS Quality Management Program- Lab Services
