Chapter 1 Flashcards
What three names do all drugs have?
- A chemical name
- A generic name
- A trade name
What is formulation?
The way to differentiate between trade names. The way active ingredients and exipients such as coating, are combined.
How are drug doses measured?
Using the metric system: Xmg/kg
What is the ED50?
The median effective dose. The dose that is effective for 50% of the population.
What is the LD50?
The median lethal dose. The dose that kills 50% of the population.
What is the therapeutic index?
LD50/ED50. The larger the therapeutic index, the safer the drug
What is the main effect of a drug?
The effect you want. The reason you took the drug.
What are side effects?
The side effect is all other effects beside the main effect. Whether positive or negative
What is the potency of the drug?
The difference of the two ED50s of the two drugs. The drug with the lower ED50 is more potent.
What is the effectiveness of a drug?
The differences of the maximum the drugs produce at any dose. What’s the max effect they can have and how do they compare?
What is antagonism?
When one drug diminishes the effect of the other.
What is additive effect?
When one drug increase the effect of the other
What is super additive effect?
When the effectiveness is higher than either one alone.
What are the 4 routes of administration?
1) Parenternal (injected)
2) Inhalation
3) Oral
4) Transdermal(absorbed through the skin)
What are the 4 types of Parenternal administration?
1) Subcutaneous(s.c)
2) Intramuscular(i.m)
3) Intraperitoneal(i.p)
4) Intravenous(i.v)
What is a drug?
A drug is any substance that alters the physiology of the body that is not a food or nutrient
What is pharmacokinetics?
The study of how drugs move in, and are eliminated from the body.
How does inhalation work?
Inhaled-moist surface of the lungs-pores in the capillary walls to circulatory blood.
What is the blood-brain barrier?
A system that protects the brain and spinal cord by limiting what going into it.
What is the rate of elimination?
How quickly the body eliminates a drug. It is measured in half lives. Alcohol is the exception. It’s is eliminated linearly
