Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is physical science?
Calculations and measuring
What is chemistry?
The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes it undergoes
Why is chemistry the central science?
It involves living and nonliving
How do we study chemistry?
Instruments used to observe and make measurements to get information to calculate and explain
What is organic chemistry?
The study of most carbon contained compounds
What is physical chemistry?
The study of properties and changes of mater in relation to energy
What is inorganic chemistry?
The study of all substances not classified as organic, mainly compounds that do not contain carbon
What is analytical chemistry?
The identification of the components and composition of materials
What is biochemistry?
The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
What is theoretical chemistry?
The use of math and computer to improve the quality of life
What is a chemical?
A chemical is any substance with a definite composition
What is basic research?
Carried out for the sake of gaining knowledge. Research
What is applied research?
Is used to solve a problem. Making medicine
What is technological development?
The production and use of products to improve the quality of life. Shipping
What is mass?
A measure of the amount of matter in a material
What is matter?
Anything with mass that takes up space
What is weight?
Measure of the gravitational pull on an object
What is an atom?
Smallest unit of an element that had the same properties of that element
What is an element?
A pure substance composed of only one kind of an atom
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more elements that are chemically bounded together
What is the extensive property?
Depends on the amount of mater that is present
Mass and volume
What is the intensive property?
Do not depend on the amount of matter that is present
Color and density
What are physical change characteristics?
Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
What are the different states matter can be in?
Solid(s), liquid(l), gas(g)
What is a solid?
Definite volume
Definite shape
What is a liquid?
Definite volume
Indefinite shape
What is a gas?
Indefinite volume
Indefinite shape
What is a plasma?
High temp tire state of matter in which atoms lose their electrons
What are chemical change characteristics?
Substances ability to undergo changes that transforms it into different substances
What are reactants?
Substances that react together in a chemical reaction
What are products?
Substances formed by chemical reactions
What is a mixture?
A blend of 2 or more kinds of matter, each kind of matter keeps its own identity and properties, nothing new is created
What is a homogenous mixture?
Universal throughout. A solution is a type
What is water?
A universal solvent
Dissolves most things
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Not universal throughout. You can separate them
What is an alloy?
Mixture of 2 or more metals
What is a pure substance?
Has a fixed composition
All samples are equal
What is a compound?
2 or more different elements
What is an element compared to a compound?
2 or more of the same element
What is a diatomic?
H2
What are the vertical columns called?
Groups or families
What is a horizontal row called?
Periods
What is family 1A called?
Alkali metals
What is 2A called?
Alkaline Earth metals/Alkaline or earth
What is 3A called?
Boron family
What is 4A called?
Carbon family
What is 5A called?
Nitrogen family
What is 6A called?
Chalcogens
What is 7A called?
Halogens
What is 8A called?
Noble gases
