Chapter 1-4 revision questions Flashcards
impulse formula
impulse = force x time
What is skill acquisition?
Skill acquisition focuses on teaching and learning skills needed for sports performance.
What is skill classification?
Skill classification helps coaches and athletes determine the best teaching and learning methods.
What are the types of movement skills?
Movement skills are classified by moment type, precision, and environmental predictability.
What are discrete skills?
Discrete skills are brief movements with a clear beginning and end.
Example: a throw, kick, or catch.
What are continuous skills?
Continuous skills have no distinct beginning or end, often involving repetitive movements.
Example: swimming, running, or pedaling a bicycle.
What are serial skills?
Serial skills are a series of discrete skills combined into a complex action.
Example: gymnastic routine or triple jump.
What are open skills?
Open skills are performed in an environment that is constantly changing, influenced by external factors.
Example: returning a tennis serve or surfing.
What are closed skills?
Closed skills are performed in a predictable, self-paced environment with no interruptions.
Example: tenpin bowling or archery.
What are fine motor skills?
Fine motor skills involve the use of small muscle groups to produce precise movements.
Example: shooting in archery or throwing darts.
What are gross motor skills?
Gross motor skills involve large muscle actions resulting in coordinated and powerful movements.
Example: throwing, hitting, or kicking.
How does motor skill development relate to participation and performance?
Motor skill development is crucial for a child’s overall development and well-being, promoting physical activity and sports participation.
What are barriers to movement?
Barriers negatively affect a person’s movement skills, such as lack of encouragement from peers or parents.
What are enablers to movement?
Enablers positively affect a person’s movement skills, such as enjoyment of the sport or encouragement from others.
What are the stages of learning in coaching?
The stages of learning are cognitive, associative, and autonomous.
What characterizes the cognitive stage of learning?
In the cognitive stage, learners focus on understanding a new skill, making many errors.
Coaching strategies include simple feedback and demonstrations.
What characterizes the associative stage of learning?
In the associative stage, learners practice regularly to eliminate minor errors and refine movement patterns.
What characterizes the autonomous stage of learning?
In the autonomous stage, learners can perform skills almost automatically with little attention required.
What is a direct coaching approach?
A direct coaching approach is highly structured with explicit instructions and feedback.
What are the advantages of a direct coaching approach?
Advantages include efficiency for beginners, clear feedback, and predictable learning outcomes.
What are the disadvantages of a direct coaching approach?
Disadvantages include limited decision-making and creativity, and less engagement.
What is a constraints-based coaching approach?
This approach modifies constraints to encourage self-discovery and adaptability in athletes.
What are the advantages of a constraints-based approach?
Advantages include improved game awareness, decision-making, and engagement.
What are the disadvantages of a constraints-based approach?
Disadvantages include being less effective for beginners and requiring knowledgeable coaches.
What sociocultural factors influence skill development?
Factors include family, peers, socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, geographic location, and community support.
How does family influence skill development?
Families provide role models, encouragement, and resources for skill development.
How do peers influence skill development?
Peers can motivate participation and enhance learning through social pressure.
How does socioeconomic status (SES) influence skill development?
SES impacts access to coaching, facilities, and equipment for skill development.
How do cultural beliefs influence skill development?
Cultural beliefs can emphasize certain sports and impact participation levels.
How does geographic location influence skill development?
Geographic location affects access to facilities and opportunities for skill development.
How does community support influence skill development?
Community support through public programs and funding can enhance participation and skill development.
What is part practice?
Part practice involves breaking a skill down into smaller parts for focused practice.
Example: practicing the ball toss in a tennis serve.
What is whole practice?
Whole practice involves practicing the entire skill, preferred for proficient learners.
Example: practicing a freestyle swimming stroke.
What is massed practice?
Massed practice consists of longer practice sessions with little to no rest.
Example: a golfer hitting multiple shots with minimal breaks.
What is distributed practice?
Distributed practice spreads practice over shorter sessions with longer rest periods.
Example: swimming practice with breaks to process skills.
What is practice variability?
Practice variability refers to the amount of change and uncertainty in skill performance.
What is blocked practice?
Blocked practice involves repetitive practice of the same skill under the same conditions.
Example: volleyball players practicing a dig in isolation.
What is random practice?
Random practice involves rehearsing different skills in an unpredictable sequence.
Example: a golfer practicing various putts in random order.
What is arousal in sports?
Arousal is the readiness an individual experiences when faced with a sporting situation or task.
What techniques can increase arousal levels?
Techniques include elevated breathing, positive self-talk, and energizing imagery.
What techniques can decrease arousal levels?
Techniques include progressive muscle relaxation, controlled breathing, and meditation.
What is the inverted U hypothesis?
The inverted U hypothesis predicts that performance improves with increased arousal up to a point, after which performance declines.
How can goal setting enhance performance?
Goal setting maintains motivation and focus by establishing specific, measurable goals.
Example: a sprinter aiming to improve their 100m time.
How does progressive muscle relaxation enhance performance?
Progressive muscle relaxation reduces stress and controls arousal levels.
Example: a basketball player using PMR before a free throw.
How does controlled breathing enhance performance?
Controlled breathing helps manage stress and improve focus.
Example: a gymnast using deep breathing before a routine.
How does meditation enhance performance?
Meditation enhances mental clarity by focusing the mind and reducing distractions.
Example: a golfer meditating before a tournament.
How does biofeedback enhance performance?
Biofeedback uses technology to control physiological responses, aiding in optimal arousal.
Example: a shooter monitoring heart rate for steady hands.
How does stress inoculation training enhance performance?
Stress inoculation training builds mental resilience by gradually exposing athletes to stress.
Example: a soccer player practicing under pressure.
How does self-talk enhance performance?
Self-talk boosts confidence and reduces negative thoughts.
Example: a swimmer repeating affirmations before a race.
How does music enhance performance?
Listening to music can boost motivation or calm nerves, enhancing performance.
What does self-talk enhance?
Self-talk enhances confidence and motivation.
Example: A swimmer repeats, “I am strong, I am ready,” before a race.
What does listening to music enhance?
Listening to music enhances motivation and optimal arousal.
Example: A weightlifter listens to upbeat music before a heavy lift to increase energy.
What is mental imagery (visualization) used for?
Mental imagery is used to increase confidence and concentration.
Example: A diver mentally rehearses their routine before stepping onto the board.
What is a performance routine?
A performance routine is a set sequence repeated before performance to enhance focus and reduce anxiety.
Example: A tennis player bounces the ball three times before serving to stay focused.
What is knowledge of results?
Knowledge of results is information about the outcome of skill performance, indicating success or failure.
Example: A golfer observes the ball flight and where it lands to receive knowledge of results.
What is knowledge of performance?
Knowledge of performance provides feedback about the process of performing the skill.
Example: A golfer recognizes a weight transfer issue after watching a video of their swing.
What is augmented feedback?
Augmented feedback comes from external sources like instructors or coaches and can be reinforced by video analysis.
Example: A basketball coach tells a player their free-throw shots are falling short due to a lack of knee bend.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Intrinsic feedback is information received from one’s own sensory system, including visual and proprioceptive feedback.
Example: A basketball player feels the spin on the ball and sees its flight path while shooting a free throw.
What is inertia?
Inertia is the resistance of a body to a change in its state of motion.
What is stability?
Stability is the degree to which a body resists changing its equilibrium.
What is balance?
Balance is the ability to control the state of equilibrium.
What is the state of equilibrium?
The state of equilibrium is when a body has zero velocity and zero acceleration.
What is movement analysis?
Movement analysis is a systematic approach to analyze the performance of skills and provide feedback.
What factors influence stability?
Factors influencing stability include center of gravity, line of gravity, and base of support.
What is momentum?
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity.
What is the law of conservation of momentum?
The total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision, provided no external forces act.
What is force summation?
Force summation is the correct timing and sequencing of body parts to produce maximal force.
What does the ‘B’ in BEST stand for?
The ‘B’ in BEST stands for Body Parts, indicating that more body parts involved lead to greater force production.
Example: A baseball pitcher uses legs, hips, core, shoulders, arms, and wrist to generate maximum throwing power.
What does the ‘E’ in BEST stand for?
The ‘E’ in BEST stands for Sequence, which means muscles activate in a coordinated sequence from larger to smaller muscle groups.
Example: In a tennis serve, force starts from the legs and moves through the hips and core.
What does the ‘S’ in BEST stand for?
The ‘S’ in BEST stands for Stabilisation, which requires a stable base to transfer force efficiently.
Example: A shot-putter maintains a wide stance and engages their core before launching the shot.
What does the ‘T’ in BEST stand for?
The ‘T’ in BEST stands for Timing, where each body part must activate at the right moment for peak force production.
Example: In kicking a football, if the leg swings too early, the kick lacks power.
What is mechanical advantage?
Mechanical advantage measures how much a lever amplifies force.
How can mechanical advantage be increased?
Mechanical advantage can be increased by having a longer force arm or a shorter resistance arm.
Example: A wheelbarrow makes lifting easier with long handles.
How can mechanical advantage be decreased?
Mechanical advantage can be decreased by having a longer resistance arm or a shorter force arm.
Example: A tennis racket with a longer handle generates faster shots.
What influences projectile motion?
Projectile motion is influenced by gravity and air resistance.
What is the angle of release for maximum distance?
An angle of release of 45° provides maximum distance.
What is Newton’s first law of motion?
An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
Example: A soccer ball remains still until kicked.
What is Newton’s second law of motion?
The force applied to an object will produce acceleration in the direction of the force, proportional to the size of the force and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.
Example: A sprinter who pushes harder off the blocks accelerates faster.
What is Newton’s third law of motion?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example: A swimmer pushes against the wall and is propelled forward.
What is impulse?
Impulse is the product of force and time.
What is a momentum maker?
A momentum maker increases time and force applied to an object, resulting in greater impulse.
Example: A batter swings at the ball with maximal force while keeping the bat in contact for longer.
What is a momentum breaker?
A momentum breaker increases time while reducing force to slow down or stop an object’s momentum.
Example: A cricketer moves their hands backward while catching a ball to reduce the force applied.
What are the stages of qualitative movement analysis?
The stages are Preparation, Observation, Evaluation, and Error Correction.
torque formula
Torque = force × moment arm
force formula
force = mass x acceleration
speed formula
speed= distance/time
Acceleration formula
Final velocity- initial velocity/ time
Momentum formula
momentum= mass x velocity
liner speed formula
linear speed= angular velocity x radius of rotation
S=WxR
