Chapter 1 - 4 exam Flashcards
(508 cards)
To reduce social psychologist measurement of expressed attitudes what do they use to measure and most used version of this
- Reducing bias = measures of implicit (unconscious) attitudes
- Most used: implicit association test (IAT)
What group of people have the lowest self-esteem in America and what does this show
- Asian-Americans
- they place an emphasis on self-improvement. Which may be the key to success
Mark Leary view on self-esteem
- self-esteem like a fuel gauge
- When treated to social rejection, we are motivated to have more self-esteem
Principle of aggregation
effects of an attitude more apparent when looking at persons average behavior
An integrated set of principles that are used to explain and predict events is called a
theory
Social comparison can be based on what
why is this bad
- Based on incomplete information
- Social media create a feeling of everyone is happy beside me
The belief in our superiority motivates us to… what is this called
achieve ( self-fulfilling prophecy)
two essential ingredients of social psychology experiment =
- control
- random assignment
Why is volunteering to say or do undesirable things arousing?
- Self-affirmation theory
- such acts are embarrassing, make us feel like fools - justifying actions and decisions is self-affirming
Carold Tavris & Elliot Aronson book mistakes were made (but not by me) showed
- People don’t change their minds even when proven wrong
Do narcissistic people actually hate themselves?
No - high level of narcissistic personality traits = high self-esteem
Lee Ross & Craig Anderson study and findings on belief perseverance
- tried to discredit a falsehood placed in people’s minds
- Difficult to demolish a falsehood after a person conjured a rationale for it
humans are Most motivated to maintain
self-esteem
Defensive pessimism
anticipates problems and motivates effective coping
Favorable and unfavorable evaluative reactions toward something is a description of a person’s
attitude
Representativeness
Amos Tversky & Daniel Kahneman on the probability of events
- = usually reality
- the conjunction of two events not more likely than either one event alone
Self-efficacy (how capable you think you can do a task ) predicts what, what is the recipe for high self-efficacy
- worker productivity
- Competence + persistence = more accomplishment = higher self-efficacy
Why does getting Botox helps depressed people
- prevents them from frowning—recover from depression more quickly
- because they find it more difficult to remember why they were sad
Self-justification (cognitive dissonance) theory
- Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions.
- For example, dissonance may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision favoring one alternative despite reasons favoring another.
Eduardo is sitting at his desk in his new kindergarten classroom and listening to his teacher. This behavior is a ______ Eduardo has learned.
role
When recalling our past,
become like observers of someone else - old you is different than today’s you
Micheal Ross & Garth Fletcher on moods and judgments
Humans don’t attribute changing perceptions to our mood shifts
world really seems different
Deciding-becomes-believing-effect =
who proved this
- overconfidence
- Robert Know & James Inkster
While watching Jeopardy, Tyler announces that he is really impressed with how smart Alex Trebek is. Tyler’s perception that Alex Trebek actually knows all the answers to the questions is an example of
the fundamental attribution error.