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Chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary organic component

A

Urea

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2
Q

Average daily urine output

A

1200ml

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3
Q

Primary inorganic component

A

Chloride

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4
Q

Nucleic acid breakdown in foods and cells

A

Uric acid

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5
Q

Decrease in urine output

A

Oliguria

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6
Q

Cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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7
Q

Increase urine output on night

A

Nocturia

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8
Q

Increase in daily urine output

A

Polyuria

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9
Q

Recommended capacity of urine

A

50ml

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10
Q

Urine specimen needed

A

12ml

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11
Q

Proper container for urine

A

Screw-top lid
Wide mouth
Flat bottom

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12
Q

Preservation that does not interfere with chemical test

A

Refrigeration

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13
Q

Preservation that prevents bacterial growth and metabolism

A

Boric acid

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14
Q

Preserves sediment in urine

A

Formalin

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15
Q

Preservative for drug analysis

A

Sodium flouride

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16
Q

For routine screening

A

Random specimen

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17
Q

For pregnancy test and orthostatic protein

A

First morning specimen

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18
Q

For quantitative chemical test

A

24-hour specimen

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19
Q

For bacterial culture

A

Catheterized

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20
Q

For routine and bacterial culture

A

Midstream clean catch

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21
Q

For bladder urine and cytology

A

Suprapubic aspiration

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22
Q

For prostatic infection

A

Three-glass collection

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23
Q

Nephron component

A

Juxtamedullary

Cortical nephron

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24
Q

Kidney’s functional unit

A

Nephron

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25
Q

Its function is to concentrate urine

A

Juxtamedullary

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26
Q

Its function is to remove waste and reabsorption

A

Cortical nephron

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27
Q

Increased specific gravity
Decrease insulin
Increase glucose

A

Diabetes mellitus

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28
Q

Decrease specific gravity

Decrease prod of ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

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29
Q

It is produced by kidney

A

Urine

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30
Q

4 clearance test

A

Creatinine
Beta2-microglobulin
Cystatin C
Radioisotopes

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31
Q

Specific gravity of the final urine product

A

1.010

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32
Q

It measures only the number of particles in a solution

A

Osmolality

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33
Q

Two major function of tubular secretion

A

Eliminating waste products

Acid-base balance

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34
Q

Prevents excessive reabsorption of water in medulla through the ascending loop of henle

A

Countercurrent mechanism

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35
Q

Movement of molecules across a membrane as a result of electrical potential on opposite sides of the membrane

A

Passive transport

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36
Q

The substance to be reabsorbed must combine with a carrier protein which transfers the substance across the cell

A

Active transport

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37
Q

Substance/s absorbed by PCT

A 
Glucose
Amino acid
Sodium
Water
Urea
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38
Q

Substance/s absorbed by DCT

A

Sodium

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39
Q

Component of juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

Macula densa

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40
Q

Maintains the glomerular blood pressure at a relatively constant rate regardless of fluctuations in blood pressure

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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41
Q

Endothelial cells of the capillary wall have pores

A

Fenestrated

42
Q

Further restriction of large molecules occurs as the filtrate passes through the basement membrane and the thin membranes covering the filtration slits formed

43
Q

Repels the molecules with a postive charge even though they are small enough to pass the 3 layers of the barrier

A

Shield of negativity

44
Q

An enzyme produced by the juxtaglomerular cells

45
Q

Established the standard precaution

46
Q

Class A extinguisher

47
Q

Class B extinguisher

A

Dry chemicals

Foam

48
Q

Class C extinguisher

A

Dry chemical

No foam

49
Q

ABC extinguisher

A

Dry chemicals only

50
Q

Class K extinguisher

A

Liquid designed to prevent splashing

51
Q

Class A fire

A

Wood
Paper
Clothing

52
Q

Class B fire

A

Flammable organic chemicals

53
Q

Class C fire

A

Electrical

54
Q

Class D fire

A

Conbustible metals

55
Q

Class K fire

A

Grease
Oil
Fats

56
Q

PASS

A

Pull pin
Aim at the base of the fire
Squeeze handle
Sweep nozzle from side to side

57
Q

RACE

A

Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish/Evacuate

58
Q

Disinfection used in the sink

A

1:5 dilution of SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE

59
Q

All body fluids and moist body substances to be potentially infectious

A

BSI - Body Substance Isolation

60
Q

All patients are considered to be possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens

A

Universal precaution

61
Q

Aromatic odor

62
Q

Ammonia-like

A

Bacterial decomposition

63
Q

Fruity, sweet

64
Q

Maple syrup

A

Maple syrup urine disease

MSUD

65
Q

Mousy odor

A

Phenylketonuria

66
Q

Rancid

A

Tyrosinemia

67
Q

Sweaty feet odor

A

Isovaleric acidemia

68
Q

Cabbage odor

A

Methionine malabsorption

69
Q

Bleach

A

Contamination

70
Q

Colligative properties

A

Freezing point
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Osmotic pressure

71
Q

Principle: refractive index

A

Refractometry

72
Q

Principle: changes in colligative properties by particle number

A

Osmolality

73
Q

Principle: pk changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present

A

Reagent strips

74
Q

Correction of glucose

A

0.004 per glucose(gram)

75
Q

Correction for protein

A

0.003 per protein (gram)

76
Q

How to calibrate refractometer

A

Use distilled water and read 1.000

77
Q

Clarity - no visible particulates

78
Q

Clarity - few particulates, print easily seen through

79
Q

Clarity - many particulates, print blurred through

80
Q

Clarity - print cannot be seen

81
Q

May precipitate or be clotted

82
Q

SG

Above 1.010
1.010
Below 1.010

A

Hypersthenuric
Isosthenuric
Hyposthenuric

83
Q

Colorless urine

A

Recent fluid consumption

84
Q

Pigment present in urine

85
Q

Pale yellow urine

A

Polyuria

Diabetes insipidus/mellitus

86
Q

Dark yellow urine

A

Concentrated specimen

87
Q

Yellow foam when shaken

A

Bilirubin (dark yellow)

88
Q

Negative bile result

Possible green flourescence

A

Acriflavine (Dark yellow)

89
Q

Orange-yellow

A

Phenazopyridine (drug)

90
Q

Yellow-green color

A

Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin (acidic urine)

91
Q

Green color urine

A

Pseudomonas infection

92
Q

Blue-green

A

Amitriptyline - antidepressant

Methocarbamol - muscle relaxant

Clorets

Methylene blue - fistulas

93
Q

Pink color urine

A

RBC (cludy urine)

94
Q

Red color urine

A

Hemoglobin (clear urine)

Rifampin (tb medication)

95
Q

Portwine color urine

A

Porphyrins (cloudy with rbc)

96
Q

Red-brown

97
Q

Brown color urine

A

Homogentisic acid

98
Q

Black colored urine

A 
Malignant myeloma
Melanin
Phenol derivatives
Argyrol
Levodopa
99
Q

Fresh brown color urine

A

Glomerular bleeding

100
Q

Other pigments of urine

A

Uroerythrin

Urobilin

101
Q

Blue alkaline

A

Yellow acid

102
Q

Color indicator of reagent strip

A

Bromthymol blue

AUBF (3 decks)

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