Chapter 1-4 Flashcards
What term is used to describe how the CNS integrates sensory information with previous experiences?
Motor behavior
Motor control
Motor learning
Motor development
Motor control
Keeping the RI model in mind, excessive forward lean of the trunk that occurs during the descent phase of a squat may be the result of which of the following impairments?
Reduced flexibility of the quadratus lumborum.
Reduced mobility of the cervical spine.
Limited dorsiflexion of the ankles.
Reduced flexibility of the anterior tibialis.
Limited dorsiflexion of the ankles.
Which of the following is an example of a stabilizing muscle role?
The triceps brachii contracting along with the pectoralis major during a bench press movement.
The gluteus maximus contracting during hip extension.
The muscle of the rotator cuff contracting along with the deltoids during an overhead shoulder press.
The rectus femoris contracting during hip extension.
The muscle of the rotator cuff contracting along with the deltoids during an overhead shoulder press.
What term describes a muscle acting as a primary mover?
Antagonist
Agonist
Synergist
Stabilizer
Agonist
Which global muscle subsystem functions in the transverse plane and helps stabilize the front side of the LPHC?
Lateral
Deep longitudinal
Anterior oblique
Posterior oblique
Anterior oblique
What term defines the cumulative change in motor behavior over a person’s entire lifetime?
Sensory information
Motor development
Motor learning
Proprioception
Motor development
Which global muscle subsystem activates synergistically to control movement in the frontal plane?
Lateral
Deep longitudinal
Posterior oblique
Anterior oblique
Lateral
The supraspinatus is responsible for which eccentric action?
Shoulder external rotation
Abduction of the arm
Stabilizes the shoulder girdle
Adduction of the arm
Adduction of the arm
What muscle changes may occur as a result of a chronically inhibited neural drive?
Force production is increased as a result of the inhibited muscle being overactive.
Force production is reduced as a result of the inhibited muscle being overactive.
The muscle on the opposing side of the joint would pull it into a lengthened state.
The muscle on the opposing side of the joint would pull it into a shortened state.
The muscle on the opposing side of the joint would pull it into a lengthened state.
What process describes the ability of the CNS to interpret sensory information as needed to execute the proper motor response?
Muscle synergy
Sensorimotor integration
Knowledge of performance
Augmented feedback
Sensorimotor integration
During a bench press exercise, which muscle synergy is occurring?
Activation of biceps brachii as the agonist with pectoralis major and anterior deltoid assisting synergistically.
Activation of the pectoralis major as an agonist with the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid assisting synergistically.
Activation of the triceps brachii as the agonist with pectoralis major and anterior deltoid assisting synergistically.
Activation of the triceps brachii as the agonist with the posterior deltoid and middle trapezius assisting synergistically.
Activation of the pectoralis major as an agonist with the triceps brachii and anterior deltoid assisting synergistically.
What term is used to describe deviations from ideal posture that can be observed when standing still?
Pattern overload
Movement impairments
Static malalignments
Dynamic malalignments
Static malalignments
Which global subsystem stabilizes the sacroiliac joint and is activated in part by the biceps femoris, increasing tension on the sacrotuberous ligament?
Posterior oblique
Lateral
Anterior oblique
Deep longitudinal
Deep longitudinal
Which of the following muscles serve to decelerate knee flexion and hip extension?
Tensor fascia latae
Psoas
Gluteus maximus
Rectus femoris
Rectus femoris
What term is used to describe the form of feedback whereby a fitness professional notes abnormal movement during a squat and asks the client if they felt or saw anything abnormal?
Internal feedback
Knowledge of performance
Knowledge of results
Sensorimotor integration
Knowledge of performance
What is defined as the human movement system’s relative ability to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize forces in all three planes of motion?
Movement compensation
Neuromuscular efficiency
Joint motion
Internal feedback
Neuromuscular efficiency
What term is used to describe the independent and interdependent alignment and function of all components of the human movement system at any given moment?
Functional efficiency
Posture
Force-couple
Proprioception
Posture
How does proprioception influence movement?
Afferent information from internal feedback is delivered to the central nervous system for use in monitoring and manipulating movement.
Afferent information from external feedback is sent directly to the muscular system for manipulating movement.
Afferent information from external feedback is delivered directly to the central nervous system to use in monitoring and manipulating movement.
Afferent information from internal feedback is delivered directly to the muscular system to use in monitoring and manipulating movement.
Afferent information from internal feedback is delivered to the central nervous system for use in monitoring and manipulating movement.
Which of the following muscles inserts via the Achilles tendon?
Anterior tibialis
Hamstrings
Posterior tibialis
Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius
What concept should be used to describe how a lack of hip mobility may be responsible for a client experiencing low back pain?
Structural efficiency
Regional interdependence
Functional efficiency
Force-couple
Regional interdependence
Dysfunction in intrinsic core stabilizers (transverse abdominis and multifidus) can result in which of the following?
Reduced ability to transfer forces from the lower extremity to the lumbo-pelvic region.
SIJ instability and low back pain.
Reduced force generation during movement.
Increased intersegmental stability.
SIJ instability and low back pain.
Which of the following represents ideal posture when observing the five kinetic chain checkpoints?
Knees in line with the fourth and fifth toe.
Knees in line with second and third toes of each foot.
Shoulder positioned anterior to the ears.
Hips level in frontal plane with a posterior pelvic tilt.
Knees in line with second and third toes of each foot.
Which of the following would be an example of an agonist muscle role?
The triceps brachii contracting during elbow flexion.
The biceps brachii contracting during elbow flexion.
The hamstrings contracting during hip extension.
The rectus femoris contracting during hip extension.
The biceps brachii contracting during elbow flexion.
Performing a walking pattern with or without resistance is an example of activation for which subsystem?
Lateral
Posterior oblique
Anterior oblique
Deep longitudinal
Deep longitudinal
Which muscle should be strengthened in a fitness program for a client with a lack of lumbar stabilization?
External obliques
Rectus abdominis
Multifidus
Erector spinae
Multifidus
What would occur if the resting length of a muscle is shorter than it should be?
Length tension relationships will be normal.
The amount of available actin on myosin cross-bridging is reduced.
The amount of available actin on myosin cross-bridging is increased.
Force output is increased.
The amount of available actin on myosin cross-bridging is reduced.
Which of the following muscles serves to decelerate tibial internal rotation and knee extension?
Gastrocnemius
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Peroneus longus
Biceps femoris
What term is used to describe reduced neural drive to an antagonist muscle when an agonist muscle contracts?
Cross-bridging
Reciprocal inhibition
Sensorimotor integration
Muscle imbalance
Reciprocal inhibition
Which of the following concepts states that soft tissue will model along the lines of stress?
Length-tension relationship
Reciprocal inhibition
Davis’s law
Upper crossed syndrome
Davis’s law
Pressure exerted by a myofascial tool is a product of diameter and which of the following?
Density
Depth
Texture
Area of the body
Density
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of self-myofascial rolling?
Osteoporosis
Pregnancy
Scoliosis
Older adults
Osteoporosis
How long should a user hold on an uncomfortable spot when applying self-myofascial rolling?
They should not hold at all
0-30 seconds
30-60 seconds
3 minute
30-60 seconds
What is the recommended range of frequency (days per week) for self-myofascial rolling?
Performing myofascial rolling between one and three times per week may be enough to experience benefits.
Performing myofascial rolling only on the days training may be enough to experience benefits.
There are no recommendations for frequency of self-myofascial rolling.
Performing myofascial rolling between two and five times per week may be enough to experience benefits.
Performing myofascial rolling between two and five times per week may be enough to experience benefits.