Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is Health Status?
Health status refers to ‘an individual’s or a population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors’
What is the WHO definition of Health?
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is Physical health?
Physical health is defined as ‘the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness’
What is Social health?
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way’
What is Mental Health?
‘state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.’
What are a few factors that contribute to physical health?
Ideal body weight Well functioning body systems and organs Strong immune system Appropriate levels oftness Optimal physical health Freedom from illness disease and injury Adequate energy levels Ability to complete physical tasks adequately
What are a few examples of things that contribute to optimal social health?
Supportive network of friends
Supportive and well-functioning family
Productive relationships with other people
What are a few factors which contribute to optimal mental health?
Positive thought patterns (being optimistic)
Low levels of stress and anxiety
Positive self-esteem (how a person feels about themselves)
High levels of condence
What are health indicators?
Health indicators are standard statistics that are used to measure and compare health status
What is life expectancy?
‘an indication of how long a person can expect to live; it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change’
What is health adjusted life expectancy (HALE)?
Health Adjusted Life Expectancy is a measure of burden of disease based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live, based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
What is Mortality?
Mortality refers to death in a population
What is a Mortality Rate?
The measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one-year period (usually per 100 000)
What is the Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR)?
The number of deaths of children under five years of age per 1000 live births.’ (WHO, 2008)
What does Morbidity refer to?
Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group’ (AIHW, 2008).
What does incidence refer to?
(when referring to morbidity) the number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specified period of time (usually a twelve month period).
What does prevalence relate to?
The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.’
What are YLLs?
(Years of Life Lost) is a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
What does YLD mean?
(Years lost due to disability) is a measure of how many healthy years of life are lost due to illness, injury or disability
What are DALYs?
(Disability Adjusted Life Years) is a measure of burden of disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
What formula is used to calculate DALYs?
YLL + YLD = DALYs
What is a chronic condition?
Chronic Conditions include any disease or condition that lasts a long time (usually longer than six months). It usually can’t be cured and therefore requires ongoing treatment and management. Examples include arthritis and asthma.
What are hospital separations?
Episodes of hospital care that start with admission and end at transfer, discharge or death
What is a developed country?
A country that has advanced adequately with regards to economy, technology and health status
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases which can be passed on from the environment to the individual. This can be from one person to another, from insects or from the physical environment.
