Chapter. 1, 3 (P. 156-176), 5, 9, & 10 Flashcards
The study of the human past, combining the themes of time and change.
Archaeology
A company owned by archaeologist that contract with the government
Contact archaeology (CRM)
Broad in scope, concerned with all facets of human life
Holistic
Utilizes cross cultural examples to understand human condition
Comparative
Humankind
Anthropos
Study
Logos
Cultural, linguistics, archaeology, biological (physical), applied
Fields of anthropology
CLABA
Cultural, linguistics, archaeology, biological (physical), applied
The systematic description of a culture based on first-hand observation (or participant observation) Live with other people
Ethnography
Study of culture from a comparative or historical view point using ethnographic accounts Study people from all over the world
Ethnology
Studies (past) cultures through material remains (Without records)
Prehistoric
Studies cultures of the recent past by means of a combination of written records in archaeology excavations (With records)
Historic
the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
Anthropology
As travel became easier, an interest began in collecting curiosities from around the world, and this included
Antiquarian Period
Scholars eventually became intrigued with more intimate knowledge about the people who created the world archaeology
Enlightenment Period
Two of the fathers of scientific archaeology from England both pioneered meticulous field methods
Pitt-rivers and William Flinders
The emphasis during this period was on description, which was a necessary base, organizing the materials they have recovered, especially in creating timelines and by regions
Enlightenment period
Radiocarbon dating
1950
Lewis Binford
The founder of explanatory (processal) archaeology
Lewis Binford Incorporated basic scientific theory structure into archaeology
Incorporation of the scientific method Hypothesis creation and testing Seeking explanations, the how and why of the past And to answer these new questions, we had to develop new techniques and technology
Archaeology has three traditional goals by which we understand the past
- Cultural history 2. Cultural reconstruction 3. cultural process
- Cultural history
Examines questions concerning when and where events took place in the past and who in the broadest sense was involved Establishes sequence of cultures in regions through time
- Cultural reconstruction
Examines functional questions of what happened in the past Reconstructs past lifeways
- cultural process
Examines questions concerning why events happened in the past and as they did (the how and why questions) Depends on solid cultural history (diachronic) and reconstruction (synchronic) data to proceed