Chapter. 1, 3 (P. 156-176), 5, 9, & 10

Question 1

The study of the human past, combining the themes of time and change.

Answer 1

Archaeology

Question 2

A company owned by archaeologist that contract with the government

Answer 2

Contact archaeology (CRM)

Question 3

Broad in scope, concerned with all facets of human life

Answer 3

Holistic

Question 4

Utilizes cross cultural examples to understand human condition

Answer 4

Comparative

Question 5

Humankind

Answer 5

Anthropos

Question 6

Study

Answer 6

Logos

Question 7

Cultural, linguistics, archaeology, biological (physical), applied

Answer 7

Fields of anthropology

Question 8

CLABA

Answer 8

Cultural, linguistics, archaeology, biological (physical), applied

Question 9

The systematic description of a culture based on first-hand observation (or participant observation) Live with other people

Answer 9

Ethnography

Question 10

Study of culture from a comparative or historical view point using ethnographic accounts Study people from all over the world

Answer 10

Ethnology

Question 11

Studies (past) cultures through material remains (Without records)

Answer 11

Prehistoric

Question 12

Studies cultures of the recent past by means of a combination of written records in archaeology excavations (With records)

Answer 12

Historic

Question 13

the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.

Answer 13

Anthropology

Question 14

As travel became easier, an interest began in collecting curiosities from around the world, and this included

Answer 14

Antiquarian Period

Question 15

Scholars eventually became intrigued with more intimate knowledge about the people who created the world archaeology

Answer 15

Enlightenment Period

Question 16

Two of the fathers of scientific archaeology from England both pioneered meticulous field methods

Answer 16

Pitt-rivers and William Flinders

Question 17

The emphasis during this period was on description, which was a necessary base, organizing the materials they have recovered, especially in creating timelines and by regions

Answer 17

Enlightenment period

Question 18

Radiocarbon dating

Answer 18

1950

Question 19

Lewis Binford

Answer 19

The founder of explanatory (processal) archaeology

Question 20

Lewis Binford Incorporated basic scientific theory structure into archaeology

Answer 20

Incorporation of the scientific method Hypothesis creation and testing Seeking explanations, the how and why of the past And to answer these new questions, we had to develop new techniques and technology

Question 21

Archaeology has three traditional goals by which we understand the past

Answer 21

1. Cultural history 2. Cultural reconstruction 3. cultural process

Question 22

1. Cultural history

Answer 22

Examines questions concerning when and where events took place in the past and who in the broadest sense was involved Establishes sequence of cultures in regions through time

Question 23

2. Cultural reconstruction

Answer 23

Examines functional questions of what happened in the past Reconstructs past lifeways

Question 24

3. cultural process

Answer 24

Examines questions concerning why events happened in the past and as they did (the how and why questions) Depends on solid cultural history (diachronic) and reconstruction (synchronic) data to proceed

Question 25

Jorvik the Viking center

Answer 25

Built on the exact site of a huge archaeology dig. The York archaeological trust preserved the center in the city of Jorvik

Question 26

Any object or item created or modified by human action

Answer 26

Artifact

Question 27

And immovable structure or layer, pit, or post in the ground having archaeological significance

Answer 27

Feature

Question 28

A geographically defined area containing a series of interrelated human communities sharing a single cultural-ecological system.

Answer 28

region

Question 29

Any of the remains of plants, animals, settlements, or other unmodified materials that result from a human activity

Answer 29

Eco-fact

Question 30

The association and relationships between archaeological objects that are in the same place

Answer 30

Context

Question 31

The exposure and recording of buried materials from the past

Answer 31

Excavation

Question 32

A systematic search of the landscape for artifacts and sights on the ground through aerial photography, field walking, soil analysis, and geophysical prospecting

Answer 32

Survey

Question 33

Walking with a row of people down a field scanning the surrounding area for interesting objects

Answer 33

Surface survey

Question 34

A technique used to estimate that antiquity of archaeological materials, generally based on association with materials of knowing age or simply to say that one item is younger or older than another

Answer 34

Relative dating

Question 35

An absolute dating technique based on the principle of the decay of the radioactive isotope of carbon, used to date archaeological materials within the past 40,000 years

Answer 35

Radiocarbon dating

Question 36

And absolute dating technique based on the principle of the K of the radioactive isotope of potassium, used to date materials ranging in age from 500,000 years old to the age of the oldest rocks in the universe. Also called ________________

Answer 36

potassium argon dating

Question 37

The body of material and information that survives for archaeologist to study

Answer 37

Archaeological record

Question 38

The buildings, tools, and other artifacts that constitute to the material remains of former societies

Answer 38

Material culture

Question 39

is a spatial cluster of artifacts, ecofacts and features located together. Representing a place where people conducting activities

Answer 39

Site

Question 40

For most of us this is in the archaeology of us unlike old world archaeology. At first it was even question whether this was the archaeology of Native Americans. And since it was the archaeology of the concord there was little incentive to prevent destruction of the USA’s archaeology

Answer 40

Uniqueness of American archaeology

Question 41

Theoretical innovation and larger field of anthropology influences archaeology. Technology advances in USA as well

Answer 41

Uniqueness of American archaeology

Question 42

Descriptive

Answer 42

Classificatory period

Question 43

Explanatory

Answer 43

Processual Period