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Physical Education > Chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Sedentary behaviour for adults

A

Minimise time spent in prolonged sitting.

Break up long periods of sitting as often as possible

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2
Q

Physical activity guidelines for young people

A

Should accumulate in at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA everyday
Include some aerobic activity
At least 3 days a week engage in bone strengthening activities
1- several hours a day

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3
Q

Sedentary behaviour for young people

A

Minimise time spent being sedentary by:
Limit use of electronics media to no more than 2 hours a day
Break up long periods of prolonged sitting as much as possible

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4
Q

Barriers of PA

A

Gender, socioeconomic status, culture, lack of time, lack of motivation, income, location, low self efficacy and injury

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5
Q

Physical activity guidelines for adults

A

Any sort of physical activity is better than doing none
Be active most days of the week
Accumulate in 2.5-5 hours of moderate intensity PA or 1.25-2.5 hours of vigorous intensity PA a week
Muscle strengthening PA 2 days a week

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6
Q

METs

A

METS is a way of measuring physical activity intensity
This unit is used to estimate the amount of oxygen used by the body during physical activity
1 MET= energy expenditure at rest
The harder you work, the higher he MET
3-6 moderate 6+ vigorous

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7
Q

Dimensions of PA

A

Frequency: the number of times a person engages in PA
Intensity: how hard an activity is
Duration: Length of time engaged in PA
Type: type of domain eg.household chores

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8
Q

Subjective and objective definition

A

Subjective: depends on the individuals owns perception/opinion. Good for measuring a populations health

Objective: rely off solid data or observations, measured by an object. Good for measuring an individual’s health

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9
Q

Subjective and objective measures

A

Subjective: recalls survey, diaries or logs

Objective: pedometers, heart rate monitors, accelerometers and direct observation

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10
Q

Recall survey

A

Self administered survey for the past month/week
May need a proxy report for children and elderly
ADVANTAGES: no reactivity, assesses all dimensions, quick, easy and cheap
DISADVANTAGES: can be inaccurate due to social desirability bias, not suitable for children under 10 or elderly due to cognitive limitations

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11
Q

Logs/diaries

A

Reporting daily into diaries for all dimensions
May need proxy report for children and elderly
ADVANTAGES: good for small groups, easy to complete, measures all dimensions s
DISADVANTAGES: can be inaccurate due to social desirability bias, not suitable for children or elderly

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12
Q

Direct observation

A

Involves watching participant and recording results using a template
Commonly used for schools
ADVANTAGES: quick and easy for small groups, records context, qualitative and quantitive information, behaviour is observed and used in school settings
DISADVANTAGES: difficult with large groups, time and intensive labour

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13
Q

Pedometry

A

Small device that counts steps
ADVANTAGES: inexpensive, non-invasive, small, able to measure common activity, can be used in all settings
DISADVANTAGES: doesn’t measure the dimensions, misses a lot of context of PA, loss of accuracy when running, and possibility of being tampered with by the participant, potential to be reactive

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14
Q

Accelerometry

A

Worn by participant and records all body motion over time. Focuses on acceleration and deacceleration.
ADVANTAGES: provides information and on frequency, intensity and duration, small, simple, quick data
DISADVANTAGES: expensive, not good for large groups, needs a pro to administer

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15
Q

Reactivity

A

Bias that occurs when people modify their behaviour during the period of measurement
Eg. If people know they’re being measured the may alter their PA

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16
Q

Social desirability bias

A

When a persons report results are a,there’s in some way to appear more socially desirable
Eg. Boy might write 5hrs of PA instead of2

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17
Q

Validity

A

The degree to which a test or instrument measures what it claims to measure.
It relates to the accuracy of a measure

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18
Q

Reliability

A

The ability of a test to produce consistent and repeatable results

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19
Q

Practicality

A

The quality or state of being practical

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20
Q

Mediator

A

A mediator is a mechanism through which the strategy is believed to influence physical activity

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21
Q

Self efficacy

A

Confidence in your ability to be active within a specific circumstance
Eg. When you’re tired

22
Q

PA behaviour change

A
  1. Baseline measures (pre intervention)
  2. Intervention programs
  3. Change in mediators
  4. Post intervention measures of behaviour change
23
Q

PA promotion

Individual

A

Strategies to achieve individual behaviour change

Print and web based media
Counselling
Process of change

24
Q

Print and we based media

A

Web: Facebook, Twitter, website, email, text
Print: flyers, handouts, brochures, booklets

25
Q

Counselling

A

In person eg. Person trainer, doctor, physio

  1. Assess motivational readiness
  2. Matching motivational readiness with process of change
  3. Identifying opportunities to be active
  4. Contracting
  5. enlisting social support
  6. Reminder systems
  7. Gradual programming
  8. Tailoring
26
Q

Process of change

A

The types of strategy employed to encourage changes in PA levels

27
Q

Process of change cognitive strategies

A

-awareness of Risks
-increasing knowledge
-caring about consequences to others
-comprehending benefits
-increasing health opportunities
COGNITIVE=THINKING

28
Q

Process of change, behavioural strategies

A

-enlisting social support
-reminding yourself
-rewarding yourself
-substituting alternatives
-committing yourself
BEHAVIOURL=DOING

29
Q

PA Promotion

Population

A

Strategies to achieve changes in the population

Mass media
Environmental change
Policy

30
Q

Environmental change

A

Remove impediments to the activity (take away reasons not to participate in PA)
Introduce new facilities
Should be tailored to the settings
Eg. Bike racks at a school in the city are impractical due to lack or pathways and safety

31
Q

Policy

A

Laws, regulations and rules

Legislation policy: governed by law enforcement

Organisational policy: appropriate behaviour
Eg. Sun smart policy, needs a hat

32
Q

Mass media

A

Aim is to reach groups of individuals without personal contact or face to face meetings

Tv, radios, billboards, newspaper

33
Q

Intrapersonal factors

A

Individual

Factors:
Demographics 
Biological 
Behavioural 
Cognitive of effective
34
Q

Interpersonal factors

A

Social environment

Factors:
Cultural
Social climate
Supportive behaviours

35
Q

Social ecological model levels

A

Individual: gender, age, socioeconomic stauts
Social environment: friends, family, workmates
Physical environment: weather, location
Policy: rules and regulations

36
Q

Individual level

Intervention strategies

A

Includes personal factors that increase/decrease the likelihood of an individual being physically active

Strategies:
Counselling
Incentives
Support groups

37
Q

Physical environment

Intervention strategies

A

Can either be built or natural environment

Strategies
Inclusion of walking tracks
Parks in housing estates

38
Q

Policy level

Intervention strategies

A

Refers to rules, legislation, regulatory or policy, making actions that have the potential to effect PA

39
Q

Social ecological model inter-relationships

A

All levels effect one another
For an intervention to be successful it should target all areas
No single factors count

40
Q

Interventions/ strategy/ program effectiveness

A

More likely to be effective when all levels are involved

41
Q

Structure of SEM answer

A
  • Begin with definiton
  • Name the program, is likely/not likely to be successful because it does/doesn’t address all four levels
  • Discuss each level and an example, write in brackets what the level is
  • All factors worked/didn’t work together because they did/didn’t address all four levels
42
Q

Defintion of social ecological model

A

A multilevel approach to changing PA behaviour

43
Q

Settings based approach

A

When promotional strategies are delivered within a defined setting,

Eg. School, workplace

44
Q

School setting

Interventions and initiatives

A

Plays an essential role in providing a physical and social environment that supports children in enjoying an active life

Interventions: Use PA in cultural and leisure events
Use combinations of social influences and Provide facilities

Initiatives: go for your life, the walking school bus

45
Q

Community setting

Initiatives and interventions

A

Broadly defined to include groups of people from the same suburb, town, city or county

Initiative: 10,000 step program

Intervention: support local councils and other organisations, Distribute information to encourage PA

46
Q

Workplace settings

Benefits, approaches, initiative

A

Ideal place to promote PA because majority of the population work
Bring people together to provide social support

Benefits to employers: reduce staff turnovers, increase productivity, reduce absenteeism

Approaches: an environmental audit, encourage stairs instead of lifts

Initiatives: find 30 everyday

47
Q

Vichealth
Role in Promoting
Initiatives

A

Fosters change in the social, cultural and physical environments that influence the health of all Victorians

Role: encouraging the development of healthy environments in sporting clubs, providing financial support to clubs, finding safe routes to schools.

Initiatives: cycling for health, keen agers, go west

48
Q

Nation heart foundation

Mission

A

Work closely with all levels of government groups to promote hearth health and implement policies that improve cardiovascular health of Australians

Mission: to reduce suffering and death from stroke, heart and vessel disease in Australia

49
Q

Heart foundation

Promoting PA

A
  • Forming partnerships with government departments to pride PA advice
  • Promotes awareness of healthy lifestyles from mass media campaigns
  • Raising funds for health research
50
Q

Health spaces and places

Aim

A

National guide to designing space and places for healthy living and PA promotion
Links the heart foundation, the Australian local government association and the planning institute of Australia

Aim: encourage the development of built environments that provide an opportunity to be active

51
Q

State governments role in promoting physical activity

A

Funding research, mass media campaigns and local initiatives

Major initiates
Go for your life and go for your life kids (school)

52
Q

Barriers to physical activity

A

Age, motivation levels, attitude, lack of time, lack of access, lack of self efficacy

Physical Education (6 decks)

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