Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Information Technology?

Answer 1

Information
technology (IT) relates to any computer-based tool that
people use to work with information and to support the
information and information-processing needs of an
organization.

Question 2

What is Information Systems?

Answer 2

information system (IS) collects, processes,
stores, analyzes, and disseminates information
for a specific purpose.

Question 3

What is an Informed User?

Answer 3

informed user; that is, a person knowledgeable about

information systems and information technology

Question 4

What are Data Items?

Answer 4

Data items refer to an elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions
that are recorded, classifi ed, and stored but are not organized to convey any specifi
c meaning. Data items can be numbers, letters, fi gures, sounds, and images. Examples
of data items are a collection of numbers (e.g., 3.11, 2.96, 3.95, 1.99, 2.08) and characters
(e.g., B, A, C, A, B, D, F, C).

Question 5

Application

Answer 5

A computer program designed to support a specific task or business process.

Question 6

Business intelligence (BI)

Answer 6

Systems provide computer-based support for complex, non routine decisions primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers

Question 7

Computer-based information system (CBIS)

Answer 7

An information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks.

Question 8

Dashboards (or digital dashboards)

Answer 8

A special form of IS that supports all managers of the organization providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.

Question 9

Database

Answer 9

A collection of related files or tables containing data.

Question 10

Eletronic commerce (e-commerce) system

Answer 10

A type of inter-organizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce and customers to conduct transactions with businesses called business to consumer (B2C) electronic commerce.

Question 11

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

Answer 11

ISs that correct a lack of communication among FAISs by tightly integrating the functional are ISs via a common database.

Question 12

Ergonomics

Answer 12

The science of adapting machines and work environments to people with the goal of creating an environment that is safe, well lit and comfortable.

Question 13

Expert systems (ESs)

Answer 13

Attempt to duplicate the work o human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

Question 14

Functional area information systems (FAIS)

Answer 14

ISs that support a particular functional area within the organization.

Question 15

Hardware

Answer 15

A device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard, or printer. Together, these devices accept data and information, process them and display them.

Question 16

Information

Answer 16

Data that have been organized so that they have meaning and a recipient.

Question 17

Information technology (IT) components

Answer 17

Hardware,software, databases and networks.

Question 18

Information technology (IT) infrastructure

Answer 18

IT components plus IT services

Question 19

Information technology (IT) platform

Answer 19

Formed b the IT components of hardware, software, networks(wireline and wireless), and databases.

Question 20

Information technology (IT) services

Answer 20

IT personnel uses IT components to perform these IT services: develop information systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data.

Question 21

Interorganizational information systems (IOS)

Answer 21

Information systems that connect two or more organizations.

Question 22

Knowledge

Answer 22

Data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.

Question 23

Knowledge workers

Answer 23

Professional employees, such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants, who are experts in a particular subject area and create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.

Question 24

Network

Answer 24

A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources.

Question 25

Office automation systems (OASs)

Answer 25

Typically support clerical staff, lower and middle managers, and knowledge workers to develop documents, schedule resources and communicate.

Question 26

Procedures

Answer 26

The set of instructions about how to combine the components of information technology in order to process information and generate the desired output.

Question 27

Software

Answer 27

A program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.

Question 28

Supply chain

Answer 28

The flow of material, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers.

Question 29

Transaction processing systems (TPS)

Answer 29

Supports the monitoring, collection,storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions, each of which generates data.