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Anatomy of Upper Extremities > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following lever systems is most commonly used by the musculoskeletal system?

A

Third Class

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1
Q

Which of the following motions occurs around a medial-lateral axis of rotation?

A

Knee Flexion

Shoulder Extension

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2
Q

When a convex member of a joint is moving over a relatively stationary concave member, the arthrokinematic roll and slide occur:

A

In opposite directions

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3
Q

Which of the following terms describes the proximal attachment of a muscle?

A

Origin

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4
Q

Which of the following lever systems always provides good leverage, allowing an external load to be lifted with comparatively less muscular force?

A

Second Class

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5
Q

The torque generated by a muscle is calculated by:

A

Multiplying the muscular force by the internal moment arm.

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6
Q

A Closed-Chain motion:

A

Occurs when the proximal segment of a joint moves relative to a fixed distal segment

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7
Q

The shoulder is _____to the elbow.

A

Proximal

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8
Q

Internal rotation of the shoulder occurs about a(n) ____ axis of rotation.

A

Longitudinal

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9
Q

The term osteokinematics describes the

A

Motion of bones relative to the three cardinal planes.

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10
Q

T or F: A vector is a representation of a force’s magnitude and direction.

A

True

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11
Q

T or F Second-class lever systems favor range of motion and speed.

A

False

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12
Q

Which of the following movements occur in the frontal plane?

A

> a. Shoulder adduction<

b. Hip flexion
c. Pronation of the forearm

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13
Q

What movement occurs about a longitudinal or vertical axis of rotation?

A

Internal rotation of the shoulder

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14
Q

What is are two examples of a movements that occur in the sagittal plane?

A

Extension of the hip

Flexion of the shoulder

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15
Q

Abduction of the hip occurs in what axis of rotation?

A

Anterior-Posterior Axis of Rotation.

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16
Q

Based on a front view of the shoulder, which motion will occur by a muscular line of pull that courses lateral & superior to the anterior-posterior axis of rotation?

A

Shoulder abduction

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17
Q

What axis of rotation do the following movements: Internal rotation of the shoulder, External rotation of the shoulder, Rotation of the head and neck occur on?

A

Vertical Axis of Rotation

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18
Q

Define Rectilinear Motion.

A

A straight line motion.

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19
Q

Define Curvilinear Motion.

A

A curved line motion.

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20
Q

Define Rotation.

A

Movement of the body about an axis.

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21
Q

Define Linear/Translatory.

A

Movement in a straight line motion FROM ONE LOCATION TO ANOTHER.

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22
Q

Define Angular/Rotary Motion.

A

Movement about a fixed point.

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23
Q

What is the difference between an anatomical position and a fundamental position.

A

They are the same except the anatomical position has the ams to one’s side with their palms facing upward. Functional position is when thee hands face the sides of the body.

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24
Q

Anterior.

A

To the front of the body.

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25
Q

Posterior.

A

To the back of thee body.

26
Q

Midline:

A

An imaginary line that courses vertically through the center of the body.

27
Q

Medial:

A

Toward the midline of the body

28
Q

Lateral:

A

Away from the midline of the body.

29
Q

Superior:

A

Above, or toward the head.

30
Q

Inferior:

A

Below, or toward thee feet

31
Q

Proximal (Origin):

A

Closer to, or towards the torso.

32
Q

Distal (Insertion):

A

Away from the torso.

33
Q

Cephalad:

A

Toward the head.

34
Q

Caudal:

A

Toward the feet.

35
Q

Superficial:

A

Toward the surface (skin) of the body.

36
Q

What are the three types of planes of motion?

A

Sagittal, Frontal, & Horizontal (transverse)

37
Q

Define a sagittal plane.

A

A left to right division.

38
Q

Define frontal plane.

A

Front to back division.

39
Q

Define Horizontal or transverse plane.

A

Top-bottom division.

40
Q

What are the three axes of rotation.

A

Anterior-Posterior
Medial-Lateral
Vertical (Longitudinal)

41
Q

Give an example of an anterior-posterior axes of motion movement.

A

Abduction

Adduction

42
Q

Give an example of a medial-lateral axes of motion movement.

A

Flexion and Extension.

43
Q

Give an example of a vertical (longitudinal) axes of rotation movement.

A

Trunk rotation.

44
Q

Define ABduction.

A

Moving away from thee body.

45
Q

Define ADduction.

A

Movement towards the body.

46
Q

Define Flexion.

A

Movement of bringing one bone closer to another.

47
Q

Define Extension.

A

The movement of one bone AWAY from another bone.

48
Q

Define Internal Rotation.

A

Rotation towards midline

Internal = Towards

49
Q

Define External Rotation.

A

Rotation away from midline.

External = Away

50
Q

Define Circumduction.

A

A circular motion through two different planes.

51
Q

Define Protraction.

A

The moving of the shoulders towards one’s chest.

52
Q

Define Retraction.

A

The movement that pulls one’s shoulder blades together at their back.

53
Q

Define pronation.

A

Hands face down towards the floor.

54
Q

Define Supination.

A

Hands face up towards the ceiling (like you aregetting ready to hold a bowl of soup).

55
Q

Define RADIAL MEDIATION.

A

Rolling hand to move one’s thumb towards the inside of the arm.

56
Q

Define ULNAR DEVIATION.

A

Rolling one’s pinky finger towards the outside of the arm.

57
Q

Define dorsiflexion.

A

Upward motion of the foot.

58
Q

Define Plantar Flexion.

A

Pushing foot in a downward motion.

59
Q

Define an open chain motion.

A

An exercise that requires no weight bearing.

60
Q

Define closed chain Motion.

A

An exercise that requires weight bearing of some sort.

61
Q

What PLANE does AB & ADduction occur in?

A

Sagittal Plane

62
Q

Define Osteokinematics.

A

The description of movements at the joint.
EX. AB &ADduction
Flexion & Extension
Internal & External Rotation

Anatomy of Upper Extremities (8 decks)

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