Brain Flashcards
What does the Frontal Lobe control?
Personality/ Characteristics
Motor Movement/ Expressive Speech
What are the different lobes of the brain?
Frontal (In Front)
Occipital (In Back)
Parietal (Between Frontal & Occipital)
Temporal (Above the Ears)
What does the Occipital Lobe control?
Vision
Recognition of Size, Shape & Color
What does the Parietal Lobe Control?
Controls Sensation, Touch and Pressure
Reading Skills
What do the Temporal Lobes control?
Behavior
Hearing
Language
Understanding
What makes up the Brainstem?
Midbrain (Upper)
Pons (Bridge)
Medulla Oblongata (Medulla= Middle…Continuous w/Spinal Cord)
What are the main functions of the Cerebellum?
Muscle Coordination
Tone
Posture
What is another term for “Little Brain”?
Cerebellum
In the brain, what are the 3 levels of protection?
Bony Protection
Membranous Protection
Fluid Protection
What is the skull made up of? Why?
Several bones that are fused together.
Gives it greater strength.
What does layer 2, the membranes and meninges, do?
Covers brain providing support and protection.
What makes up layer 2 of the brain?
Dura Mater ( Tough Outer Layer) Arachnoid Mater (Middle thinner "spider-like" layer) Pia Mater (Carries Blood Vessels to Brain)
What makes up the 3rd layer of the brain’s protection?
The Subarachnoid Space (Between arachnoid and pia mater)
The Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF fills this space.
*This works as the brain’s shock absorber.
What is the Spinal Cord?
A continuation of the medulla.
And runs with the vertebral canal.
How are the different sections of the spinal cord defined?
The forearm magnum to the cone-shaped conus medullaris L2
Cauda Equina (Horse’s Tail) Below L2-S5
Filum Terminale (Thread-like, Nonneural Filament) Below Cauda Equina
How long is the Spinal Cord?
17”
What makes up the Vertebral Bony Protection?
~Pedicule ~Transverse Process ~Lamina ~Spinous Process ~Vertebral Foramen ~Articular Process
What are the clinical signs of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion?
Paralysis (Spasticity Present)
Reflexes (Hyperreflexia)
Babinski Reflex when big toe extends b/c soul of foot is stimulated (Reflex)
Clonus or muscular spasm/repeated contractions (Present)
What are some signs of a Lower Motor Neuron Lesion?
- Paralysis (Flacid)
- Muscle Atrophy (Marked/Noticeable)
- Fasiculations/Spontanious Contraction & Fibrillations/Muscle Twitching (Present)
- Reflexes (Hypoflexia)
In the Central Nervous System, what do the Motor Impulses do?
Brain sends impulse
to
Spinal Cord
Anterior Horn
to
Periphery via Spinal Nerves
In the CNS, what do the Sensory Impulses do?
Send Impulses from
Periphery via Nerves
to
Spinal Cord via the Posterior/Dorsal Horn
to
the Brain
How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?
12 pairs
Which Cranial Nerves are the most pertinent for PT’s?
- Tregeminal (Swallowing)
- Facial (Facial Droop)
- Spinal Accessory (Poor Shoulder Girdle Performance)
How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there?
31
What are the different types of spinal nerves? How many pairs for each?
Cervical- 8 pair Thoracic- 12 pair Lumbar- 5 pair Sacral- 5 pair Coccygeal- 1 pair
Where is the Cervical Plexus?
C1-C4
Where is the Brachial Plexus?
C5-T1
Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus?
L1-S5
What are the 3 Cords of the Brachial Plexus?
Lateral Cord
Posterior Cord
Medial Cord
What are the five peripheral nerves?
Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Median Ulnar
Where is the Axillary Nerve located? What does it do?
C5-C6
It is the sensory distributor to the lateral arm over lower portion of Deltoid.
Where is the musculocutaneous nerve located? What does it do?
C5-C6
Sensory distribution to the Anteorlateral Forearm
Where is the Radial Nerve located? What does it do?
C6-C8, T1
Sensory distribution to posterior arm, posterior forearms, and Radial Side of Posterior Hand
Where is the Median Nerve located? What does it do?
C6-C8, T1
Sensory distribution to Palmar Aspect of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and radial half of 4th Finger.
Where is the Ulnar Nerve located? What does it do?
C8, T1
Sensory Distribution to Medial Portion of 4th Finger and the 5th Finger.
What other Plexus does the Lumbosacral Plexus join up with?
Brachial Plexus
Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus located?
L1-S3
What can the Lumbosacral Plexus be broke up in to?
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4) Sacral Plexus (L5-S3)
Where is the Femoral Nerve located? What does it do?
L2,3,4
Sensory Distribution to the Anterior Medial Thigh & Medial Leg and Foot.
Where is the Obturator Nerve Located? What does it do?
L2,3,4
Sensory Distribution to Middle Medial Thigh.
Where is the Sciatic Nerve located? What does it do?
L4,5,S1,2,3
No Sensory Distribution
What does the Sciatic Nerve split into?
Tibial Nerve
Common Peroneal Nerve
