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Anatomy of Upper Extremities > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

0
Q

What does the Frontal Lobe control?

A

Personality/ Characteristics

Motor Movement/ Expressive Speech

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1
Q

What are the different lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal (In Front)
Occipital (In Back)
Parietal (Between Frontal & Occipital)
Temporal (Above the Ears)

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2
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe control?

A

Vision

Recognition of Size, Shape & Color

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3
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe Control?

A

Controls Sensation, Touch and Pressure

Reading Skills

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4
Q

What do the Temporal Lobes control?

A

Behavior
Hearing
Language
Understanding

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5
Q

What makes up the Brainstem?

A

Midbrain (Upper)
Pons (Bridge)
Medulla Oblongata (Medulla= Middle…Continuous w/Spinal Cord)

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6
Q

What are the main functions of the Cerebellum?

A

Muscle Coordination
Tone
Posture

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7
Q

What is another term for “Little Brain”?

A

Cerebellum

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8
Q

In the brain, what are the 3 levels of protection?

A

Bony Protection
Membranous Protection
Fluid Protection

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9
Q

What is the skull made up of? Why?

A

Several bones that are fused together.

Gives it greater strength.

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10
Q

What does layer 2, the membranes and meninges, do?

A

Covers brain providing support and protection.

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11
Q

What makes up layer 2 of the brain?

A 
Dura Mater ( Tough Outer Layer)
Arachnoid Mater (Middle thinner "spider-like" layer)
Pia Mater (Carries Blood Vessels to Brain)
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12
Q

What makes up the 3rd layer of the brain’s protection?

A

The Subarachnoid Space (Between arachnoid and pia mater)
The Cerebrospinal Fluid CSF fills this space.

*This works as the brain’s shock absorber.

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13
Q

What is the Spinal Cord?

A

A continuation of the medulla.

And runs with the vertebral canal.

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14
Q

How are the different sections of the spinal cord defined?

A

The forearm magnum to the cone-shaped conus medullaris L2

Cauda Equina (Horse’s Tail) Below L2-S5

Filum Terminale (Thread-like, Nonneural Filament) Below Cauda Equina

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15
Q

How long is the Spinal Cord?

A

17”

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16
Q

What makes up the Vertebral Bony Protection?

A 
~Pedicule
~Transverse Process
~Lamina
~Spinous Process
~Vertebral Foramen
~Articular Process
17
Q

What are the clinical signs of an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion?

A

Paralysis (Spasticity Present)
Reflexes (Hyperreflexia)
Babinski Reflex when big toe extends b/c soul of foot is stimulated (Reflex)
Clonus or muscular spasm/repeated contractions (Present)

18
Q

What are some signs of a Lower Motor Neuron Lesion?

A
  • Paralysis (Flacid)
  • Muscle Atrophy (Marked/Noticeable)
  • Fasiculations/Spontanious Contraction & Fibrillations/Muscle Twitching (Present)
  • Reflexes (Hypoflexia)
19
Q

In the Central Nervous System, what do the Motor Impulses do?

A

Brain sends impulse

      to

Spinal Cord
Anterior Horn

      to

Periphery via Spinal Nerves

20
Q

In the CNS, what do the Sensory Impulses do?

A

Send Impulses from
Periphery via Nerves

      to

Spinal Cord via the Posterior/Dorsal Horn

      to

the Brain

21
Q

How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

22
Q

Which Cranial Nerves are the most pertinent for PT’s?

A
  1. Tregeminal (Swallowing)
  2. Facial (Facial Droop)
  3. Spinal Accessory (Poor Shoulder Girdle Performance)
23
Q

How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there?

A

31

24
Q

What are the different types of spinal nerves? How many pairs for each?

A 
Cervical- 8 pair
Thoracic- 12 pair
Lumbar- 5 pair
Sacral- 5 pair
Coccygeal- 1 pair
25
Q

Where is the Cervical Plexus?

A

C1-C4

26
Q

Where is the Brachial Plexus?

A

C5-T1

27
Q

Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus?

A

L1-S5

28
Q

What are the 3 Cords of the Brachial Plexus?

A

Lateral Cord
Posterior Cord
Medial Cord

29
Q

What are the five peripheral nerves?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Median
Ulnar
30
Q

Where is the Axillary Nerve located? What does it do?

A

C5-C6

It is the sensory distributor to the lateral arm over lower portion of Deltoid.

31
Q

Where is the musculocutaneous nerve located? What does it do?

A

C5-C6

Sensory distribution to the Anteorlateral Forearm

32
Q

Where is the Radial Nerve located? What does it do?

A

C6-C8, T1

Sensory distribution to posterior arm, posterior forearms, and Radial Side of Posterior Hand

33
Q

Where is the Median Nerve located? What does it do?

A

C6-C8, T1

Sensory distribution to Palmar Aspect of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and radial half of 4th Finger.

34
Q

Where is the Ulnar Nerve located? What does it do?

A

C8, T1

Sensory Distribution to Medial Portion of 4th Finger and the 5th Finger.

35
Q

What other Plexus does the Lumbosacral Plexus join up with?

A

Brachial Plexus

36
Q

Where is the Lumbosacral Plexus located?

A

L1-S3

37
Q

What can the Lumbosacral Plexus be broke up in to?

A 
Lumbar Plexus (L1-L4)
Sacral Plexus (L5-S3)
38
Q

Where is the Femoral Nerve located? What does it do?

A

L2,3,4

Sensory Distribution to the Anterior Medial Thigh & Medial Leg and Foot.

39
Q

Where is the Obturator Nerve Located? What does it do?

A

L2,3,4

Sensory Distribution to Middle Medial Thigh.

40
Q

Where is the Sciatic Nerve located? What does it do?

A

L4,5,S1,2,3

No Sensory Distribution

41
Q

What does the Sciatic Nerve split into?

A

Tibial Nerve

Common Peroneal Nerve

Anatomy of Upper Extremities (8 decks)

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