Chapter 1 + 2 Vocab Flashcards
A form of energy emitted by the Sun that includes, but is not limited to, visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy
Electromagnetic radiation
A massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light.
Photon
Measure of average kinetic energy of a substance
Temperature
energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another
First law of thermodynamics
when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes
Second law of thermodynamics
ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system
Energy efficiency
The ease with which an energy source can be used for work
Energy quality
Randomness in a system
Entropy
Inputs = Outputs
Steady rate
Number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic number
Number of protons and neutrons in an element
Mass number
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Isotopes
molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative
Polar molecules
The bond formed when elements share electrons
Covalent bond
A property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules
Capillary action
A compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen
Inorganic compound
A compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds
Organic compound
A chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges.
Ionic bond
A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
Carbohydrate
A critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids
Protein
a smaller organic biological molecules that does not mix with water
Lipid
A weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule
Hydrogen bond
