Chapter 1 + 2 Vocab

Question 1

A form of energy emitted by the Sun that includes, but is not limited to, visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy

Answer 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 2

A massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light.

Answer 2

Photon

Question 3

Measure of average kinetic energy of a substance

Answer 3

Temperature

Question 4

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another

Answer 4

First law of thermodynamics

Question 5

when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes

Answer 5

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 6

ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system

Answer 6

Energy efficiency

Question 7

The ease with which an energy source can be used for work

Answer 7

Energy quality

Question 8

Randomness in a system

Answer 8

Entropy

Question 9

Inputs = Outputs

Answer 9

Steady rate

Question 10

Number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 10

Atomic number

Question 11

Number of protons and neutrons in an element

Answer 11

Mass number

Question 12

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Answer 12

Isotopes

Question 13

molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative

Answer 13

Polar molecules

Question 14

The bond formed when elements share electrons

Answer 14

Covalent bond

Question 15

A property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules

Answer 15

Capillary action

Question 16

A compound that does not contain the element carbon or contains carbon bound to elements other than hydrogen

Answer 16

Inorganic compound

Question 17

A compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

Organic compound

Question 18

A chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges.

Answer 18

Ionic bond

Question 19

A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Answer 19

Carbohydrate

Question 20

A critical component of living organisms made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids

Answer 20

Protein

Question 21

a smaller organic biological molecules that does not mix with water

Answer 21

Lipid

Question 22

A weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule

Answer 22

Hydrogen bond