Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
health care practionioner
those who are trained to administer mecial or health care to patients
litigious
prone to engage in lawsuits
plaintiff
person bringing charges in a lawsuit
defendant
person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in lawsuit
liable
legally responsible or obligated
precedent
decisions made by judges in the various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases, even though they were not enacted by legislature; also know as case law
summary judgement
a decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for a trial
fraud
dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving, or attempting to deprive another of his or her rights
True/ False. Each state has its own laws and medical practice acts?
True
What do Ethical decisions help?
the patients health and well being
what is the purpose of the code of ethics?
to govern employees and to increase competence in the healthcare profession
law
rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority
ethics
standards of behavior, developed as a result of ones concept of right and wrong
moral values
ones personal concept of right and wrong, formed through the influence of the family, culture and society
Bioethics
discipline relating to ethics concerning biological research especially as applied to medicine
code of ethics
a list of principles intended to govern behavior here, the behavior of those entrusted with providing care to the sick
ethics guidelines
publications that detail a wide variety of ethical situations that professionals (in this case,health care practitioners) might face in their work and offer principles for deal with the situations in an ethical manner
-normally in book form
Hippocratic oath
a pledge for physicians, influenced by the practices of the Greek physician Hippocrates
medical ethicist or bioethicist
specialist who consult with physicians researchers and others to help them make difficult ethical decisions regarding patient care
ethics committee
committee made up of individuals who are involved in a patients care, including health care practitioners, family members, clergy and others, with the purpose of reviewing ethical issues in difficult cases
etiquette
standards of behavior considered to be good manners among members of a profession as they function as individuals in society
protocol
a code prescribing correct behavior in a specific situation, such as a situation arising in a medical office.
courtesy
the practice of good manners
what are the three c’s
courtesy
common sense
compassion
compassion
the identification with and understanding of another situation, feelings and motives
common sense
sound practical judgment
critical thinking
the ability to think analytically, using fewer emotions and more rationality
Who first published the Hierarchy of needs pyramid
Abraham Maslow
what is needs based motivation?
human behavior is based on specific hum needs that must be met in a specific order (Maslows Hierarchy of Needs)
How many needs are in the Hierarchy of Human needs? What are they?
Five
- basic life/food and shelter
- safe and secure environment
- belong and to be loved
- esteem where status responsibility and recognition are important
- self-actualization for person growth and fulfillment
Deficiency need (D needs)
- basic life/food and shelter
- safe and secure environment
- belong and to be loved
Being Needs (B needs)
- esteem where status responsibility and recognition are important
- self-actualization for person growth and fulfillment
Who is known for for developing the Value Developmental Theory?
Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg
Define Value Developmental Theories
individuals develop person value systems in stages as the grow
How many stages are Jean Piagets Stages of Development from childhood to adulthood?
Four
Jean Piagets Stages of Development
Stage 1
sensorimotor (sensory)
birth to 2 years
Jean Piagets Stages of Development
Stage 2
Preoperational (egosentric-fun)
2 to 7 years
Jean Piagets Stages of Development
Stage 3
Concrete Operational
black/white
right/wrong
adults hold the power
7 to 12 years
Jean Piagets Stages of Development
Stage 4
formal operational
(abstract thought. degrees of wrong and right)
12 years and older
How many stages and levels did Kohlbergs Value development hold?
2 stages
3 major levels
List Kohlbergs Value Development Stages
Stage 1. social contract and individual rights
Stage 2. universal principles
List Kohlbergs Three Levels of Value Development
level 1 - pre-conventional mortality
level 2 -conventional morality
level 3 -post conventional morality
Level 1 in Kohlbergs Value Development
level 1 - pre-conventional mortality (ages 2-7)
Early stages- egocentric accept the authority of others.
in the second stage children begin to recognize that there may be more than just one view as to what is wright or wrong. begin to look at their own self interests and begin to see advantages in the exchanging of favors
level 2 in Kohlbergs Value Development
level 2 -conventional morality (ages 7-12)
stage 1 - begin to conform to societal expectations as established by parents and social groups. sometimes referred to as “good boy/good girl” stage demonstrating good intentions and social conventions.
stage 2- become aware of ones duty. the focus is on the rules an respect for authority
level 3 in Kohlbergs Value Development
level 3 -post conventional morality (ages 12 and above)
stage 1- focuses on the social contract and individual rights. a social contract is accepted when people freely enter into work for the benefit of all and for pleasant society. individuals explore how to balance individual rights and fair society for all
stage 2- is called universal principles. individual makes a personal commitment to such universal principles as social justice, equal rights and respect for the dignity of all people an realizes that conventional norms and convention are necessary to uphold society . if there is ca conflict between these values and the social contract, the individual follows his or her basic principles. believed that few individuals reaches this stage as it requires a firm commitment to social justice and possible civil disobedience
Value Choices Theory was established by who?
Emmanual Kent
Teleological or consequence- oriented theory
decision-making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes
utilitarianism
a consequence- oriented theory that states that decision should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people
principle of utility
used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations
deontological or duty oriented theory
decision making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act
categorical imperative
a rule that is considered universal law binding on everyone and requiring action
virtue ethics
refers to the theory that people who have moral virtues will make the right decisions
who is most well known for virtue ethics?
Alasdair MacIntyre
autonomy
the capacity to be ones own person and make ones own decision without being manipulated by external forces
beneficence
acts performed by a health care practitioner to help people stay healthy or recover from illness
nonmaleficence
duty to do no harm
justice
providing to an individual what is his or her due
social determinants of heatlh
living conditions that affect health, such as shelter, food income education and stable environment, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
health disparity
particular type of health difference that is closely linked with economic, social or environmental disadvantage
health equity
striving for the highest possible standard of health for all people and giving special attention to the needs of those a greatest risk of poor health , base don social conditions
confidentiality
the act of holding information in confidence not to be released to unauthorized individuals
fidelity
being faithful to the scope of practice for your profession
veracity
truth telling
