Chapter 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

consumer goods

A

produced for present consumption

examples: food, entertainment, clothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

capital good

A

help produce other valued goods and services in the future

examples: roads, factories, trucks, and computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

investment

A

process of using resources to create or buy new capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

short run

A

period in which we make decisions that reflect our immediate short term wants, needs, or limitations.
-consumers can partially adjust their behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

long run

A

period in which we make decisions that reflect our new, wants, and limitations over a long time
-consumer have to fully adjust to market conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

competitive advantage

A

ability of an individual to do a particular economic activity (making a specific product) more efficiently than another activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

absolute advantage

A

the ability of one producer to Make more than another producer with the same quantity of resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

specialization

A

limiting of one’s work to a particular area

-enables workers to enjoy gains from trade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

law of increasing opportunity cost

A

opportunity cost or producing a good rises as society produces more of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

production possibilities frontier (PPF)

A

model that illustrates the combinations of outputs that a society can produce if all of its resources are being used efficiently

-outcome is considered efficient when resources are fully utilized and potential output is maximized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

endogenous factors

A

the variables that can be controlled for in a model

-know about and can control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exogenous factors

A

factors beyond our control- outside the model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ceteris paribus

A

means “other things being equal” or “all else equals” and is used to build economic models
- allows economists to examine a change in one variable while holding everything else constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

positive statement

A

can be tested and validated; it describes “what is”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

normative statement

A

an opinion that cannot be tested or validated; describes “what ought to be”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

trade

A

voluntary exchange of goods and services between two or more parties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

comparative advantage

A

refers to the situation where am individual, business, or country can produce at a lower opportunity cost than a competitor can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

double coincidence of wants

A

occur when each party in an exchange transaction has what the other party desires

19
Q

markets

A

bring buyers and sellers together to exchange goods and services

20
Q

barter

A

involves involuntary trading a good they already have or providing a service in exchange for something they want

21
Q

circular flow

A

shows how resources and final goods and services flow through the economy

22
Q

marginal thinking

A

requires decision makers to evaluate whether the benefit of one more unit of something is greater than its cost

23
Q

opportunity cost

A

highest-valued alternative that must be sacrificed to get something else

24
Q

incentives

A

factors that motivate a person to act or exert effort

25
microeconomics
the study of the individuation units that make up the economy
26
macroeconomics
the Study of the overall aspects and workings of an economy
27
scarcity
refers to the limited nature of society's resources, given society's unlimited wants and needs
28
economics
the study of how am individual and societies allocate their limited resources to satisfy their unlimited wants
29
variable
a quantity that can take on more than one value
30
scatterplot
a graph that allows individual (x,y) points
31
positive correlation
occurs when two variables move in the same direction
32
negative correlation
occurs when two variables move in opposite directions
33
slope
refers to the change in the ride along the y axis (vertical) divided by the change in the run along the x axis (horizontal)
34
causality
occurs when one variable influences another
35
reverse causation
occurs when causation is incorrectly assigned amount associates events
36
Variable
quantity that can take on more than one value
37
Single Variable Graphs
Bar Graph, Pie Chart, and Time-Series Graph
38
Scatterplot
graph that shows individual (x, y) points
39
Positive correlation
two variables move in the same direction
40
negative correlation
two variables move in opposite directions
41
slope
rise along y axis (vertical) divided by run along x six (horizontal) -positive, negative, zero slope
42
causality
occurs when one variable influences another
43
reverse causality
causation is incorrectly assigned amount associated events