Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
Microbiology
Study and identifications of pathogenic microorganisms.
Antigens
Substance that when introduced into body stimulates the production of an antibody. (Toxins)
Antibodys
Natural chemicals produced by the body’s immune system in response to infected micro-organisms.
Mycology
Study and identification of fungus.
Histology
Gross and microscopic examination of tissues (masses) to diagnose disease.
Needle size for a cat?
22 - 25 g
Needle size for a dog?
20 - 22 g
Needle size for exotics?
25 - 27g
Needle size for cattle?
14 - 18 g
Needle size for a horse?
16 - 20 g
Needle size for pigs?
18 - 22 g
Red blood tube
No additive. Serum.
Purple blood tube
EDTA (acid). CBC. Invert to mix anticoagulant with blood!
Green blood tube
Heparin. Plasma chemistries. (Wont clot). Sodium, potassium, lithium…
Blue blood tube
Sodium citrate. Coagulation panels. (To figure out how/why it’s not clotting).
Gray blood tube
Diatomaceous earth. Activated clotting time.
Tiger top blood tube
Serum separated gel.
Microhematocrit blood tube
Total protein and packed cell volume.
Blue =no additive.
Red= heparin.
Centrifuges
Used to separate cells and particulate matter from the fluid they are suspended in. Needs to be Balanced!!!!
Spins around at different rates for different lengths of time (rpm).
3 types of centrifuges
One used w/ microhematocrit tubes.
Horizontal/swinging arm= problems include air friction and buckets fall.
Angled head=most common. Rotate at higher speeds w/o heating up.
Mecrohematocrit centrifuge.
Separates blood cells from plasma.
Refractometer
Measures total solids.
Urine- specific gravity.
Blood- total protein.
Specific gravity of 1.0
Micro capillary reader
Use microhematocrit tubes. Measures packed cell volume of blood.
Manual cell counter
Differential= counting MORE then 1 cell type.
Hand held= counting 1 type of cell.
Engineering controls
Structural or mechanical devices that are designed to minimize exposure to harmful/infectious agents.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Equipment that minimizes exposure beyond the limits of engineering and work practice controls.
Bacterial infections.
E-coli. Leptospirosis. Brucellosis. Cat scratch.
Fungal infections
Ring worm. Blastomycosis. Aspergillosis.
Parasites
Roundworm. Hookworm. Alveolar hyditid disease. Sarcoptes mange. Toxoplasmosis. Cryptosporidiosis. Rabies.
Nosocomial infections
What you get from the hospital
Examples if antiseptics
Povidone-iodine solution (brown) Chlorhexidine solution (blue)
Examples of disinfectants
Alcohol. Bleach. Gluteraldhedyde (toxic). Chorhexadine disinfectant. Roccal-d
