Chapter 1&2 Flashcards
What is Senescence
The process of growing old or deterioration with age
What is Sarcopenia
A type of muscle loss that occurs with aging and/or immobility and is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, nutrition and other factors
What % of the older population may experience sarcopenia?
50%
What is the impact of having Sarcopenia
There is a decrease in muscular fibre size and number of muscle fibres
There is a loss of muscle mass
Affects muscular strength and power
Muscle atrophy that is a natural part of aging
It will have a negative effect on strength
Frailty
Functional impairment. A clinically recognizable state of older adults with increased vulnerability.
Types of Frailty
impaired muscle function
decreased bone strength
reduced joint mobility
decreased cardiovascular function
poor gait or posture control
thermo-regulation?
A mechanism by which humans (and other mammals) maintain body temperature.
How to recognize good thermoregulation
Sweating during exercise
After 25, VO2 max changes by approximately
5-15%
What are natural changes that occur in the body with age
bone mass decreases neurological functions slow down
Define Cardio Output
stroke volume x heart rate and
the amount of blood your heart pumps each minute
cardiac system changes with age
decreased cardiac output
reason for increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure during both exercise and rest
there is a decrease in arterial compliance and an increase in arterial stiffness
Which muscle fibre decreases with age (fast or slow)
Fast twitch muscle fibre
Isometric exercise
when the muscle has tension but there is no change in the muscles length.
What is sensory conflict
A mismatch of senses that can cause nausea attributed to motion sickness.
A conflict between the eyes and vestibular (inner ear) that can cause nausea and dizziness
Benefit of isometric exercises
can be a good choice when a person has arthritis pain in the joints
with aging the strength of the thoracic muscles affect
pulmonary function
Older adults should work up to resistance training exercise within this range
75-80% 1RM (one-rep max)
What is Gerontology
the study of the changes that take place in the process of agin
What is Social Gerontology
improving the interactions between older adults and the rest of the world
improving interaction between older adults and health care professionals
the social aspect of growing old
Reactive control
using feedback to initiate corrective movement
What percentage of bone mass and bone mineral content is lost for woman starting at age 35
1% / year
What changes take place in the respiratory system happen with age
Decrease in lung capacity of 40%-50% due to elasticity of the lungs
Increase in residual volume (the volume of air remaining in the lungs) is 30%-50%. This means less air is used during respiration.
Increase in chest wall stiffness, decreasing the ability to take in air
Decrease in respiratory muscle (diaphragm, intercostals) strength
Decrease of 50% maximum voluntary ventilation (the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in
What is RPE
Rate of perceived exertion, a way to measure the intensity of workout.
Why is RPE or the Talk Test a better option than heart rate monitoring during exercise
Older adults have a slower HR than younger participants 1/1
It may be difficult for them to find their HR after exercise
Some medication can affect/alter the HR thus giving you a false reading
What are the changes to the nervous system with age
With aging there are changes in balance, coordination and agility resulting from decreased efficiency of the nervous system.
What is functional capacity (VO2 max)
Functional capacity (VO2 max) decreases by up to 1%/yr, after 25. With age, our maximal HR decreases, the body’s ability to take in oxygen at the cellular level. Functional capacity depends the hemoglobin taking in and transporting oxygen through the bloodstream; cardiac output (the product of heart rate and stroke volume); and the amount of myoglobin in cells.
What percentage of muscle mass and strength is lost between 50-65 yrs old
Muscle mass and strength decline by up to 30%
