Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
What is the “Standard for Project Management”?
Provides a basis for understanding project management and how it enables intended outcomes. Applies regardless of industry, location, size, or delivery approach (incl predictive, hybrid, or adaptive.
What is an “outcome”?
An end result or consequence of a process or project.
Can include outputs and artifacts, but have a broader intent by focusing on the benefits and value that the project was meant to deliver.
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What is a “portfolio”?
Projects, programs, subsidiary portfolios, and operations are managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives.
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What is a “product”?
An artifact that is produced, is quantifiable and can be either an end item in itself or a component item.
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What is a “program”?
Related projects, subsidiary programs, or program activities that are managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually.
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What is a “project”?
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. The temporary nature of projects indicates a beginning and an end to the project work or a phase of the project work.
Projects can be stand-alone, or part of a program or portfolio.
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What is “project management”?
The application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.
Project management refers to guiding the project work to deliver the intended outcomes. Project teams can achieve the outcomes using predictive, hybrid, or adaptive approaches.
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What is a “project manager”?
The person assigned to lead the project team that is responsible for achieving the objectives. Managers perform a variety of functions.
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What is a “project team”?
A set of individuals performing the work of the project to achieve its objectives.
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What is a “system for value delivery”?
A collection of strategic business activities aimed at building, sustaining, and or advancing an organization.
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What is “value”?
The worth, importance, or usefulness of something. Different stakeholders, customers, and organizations can perceive this in different ways.
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Who are possible stakeholders in a project?
Anyone, including project practitioners, consultants, educators, students, sponsors, vendors, and anyone who:
* Are responsible or accountable for outcomes.
* Work on projects full- or part-time.
* Work in the portfolio, program, or project management offices.
* Are involved in project sponsorship, product ownership, product management, executive leadership, or project governance.
* Are involved with portfolio or program management.
* Provide resources for project work.
* Focus on delivery for portfolios, programs, and projects.
* Teach or study project management.
* Or are involved in any aspect of the project value delivery chain.
Ways of “creating value”?
- Creating a new product, service, or result that meets the needs of customers or end-users.
- Creating positive social or environmental contributions.
- Improving efficiency, productivity, effectiveness, or responsiveness.
- Enabling the changes needed to facilitate an organizational transition to its desired future state.
- Sustaining benefits enabled by previous programs, projects, or business operations.
What are “governance systems”?
They provide a framework to guide processes, which can include elements of oversight, control, value assessment, integration among components, and decision-making capabilities.
These provide a system for evaluating changes, issues, and risks associated with the environment and any component in the value delivery system.
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Who drives project delivery?
People
They do so by fulfilling the functions necessary for the project to run effectively and efficiently. They can be fulfilled by one person, by a group, or combined into defined roles.
What are 2 project coordination types?
1) Decentralized coordination, which project team members self-organize and self-manage.
2) Centralized coordination, with the leadership and guidance of a designated project manager or similar role.
What is the function of “oversight and coordination”?
This function helps the project team achieve project objectives, by orchestrating the “work of the project”. It usually includes leading, monitoring, and controlling activities. May also include evaluation and analysis.. Also involves monitoring and working to improve the safety, health, and overall well-being of project team members.
Includes consulting with executive and business leaders on ideas for advancing objectives, improving project performance, or meeting customer needs. And can assist in business analysis, tendering and contract negotiations, and business case development.
What is the function of “present objectives and feedback”?
People in this function contribute perspectives, insights, and clear direction from customers and end-users. The customer and end-user are not always synonymous.
Who is the “end-user”?
The individual or group who will experience the direct use of the project deliverable.
Who is the “customer”?
The individual or group who has requested or is finding the project.
What are the 8 “functions associated with projects”?
- Providing oversight and coordination.
- Present objectives and feedback.
- Facilitate and support.
- Perform work and contribute insights.
- Apply expertise.
- Provide business direction and insight.
- Provide resources and direction.
- Maintain governance.
What is the function of “facilitate and support”, within functions associated with projects?
This involves encouraging project team member participation, collaboration, and a shared sense of responsibility for the work output.
Facilitation helps the project team create consensus around solutions, resolve conflicts, and make decisions. It is also required to coordinate meetings and contribute in an unbiased way to the advancement of project objectives.
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What is the function of “perform work and contribute insights”, within functions associated with projects?
This function provides the knowledge, skills, and experience necessary to produce the products and realize the outcomes of the project. Work environments can be part- or full-time and can be performed in an office or virtual. Some parts of the work can be highly specialized and some team members can be generalists.
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What is the function of “apply expertise”, within functions associated with projects?
People in this function provide the knowledge, vision, and expertise in a specific subject for a project. They offer advice and support throughout the organization; they can be internal or external.
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What is the function of “provide business direction and insight”, within functions associated with projects?
People in this function guide and clarify the direction of the project or product outcome. It involves prioritizing requirements and backlog items based on business value, dependencies, and technical or operational risk. They provide feedback to project teams and set the direction for the next increment or element developed or delivered. The product direction is also defined. The goal is to maximize the value of the project deliverable.
In adaptive and hybrid environments, direction and insight can be provided using a specific cadence. In predictive environments, there can be designated checkpoints for the presentation of and feedback on the project process.
What is the function of “provide resources and direction”, within functions associated with projects?
People in this function promote the project and communicate the organization’s vision, goals, and expectations to the project team and broader stakeholder community. They advocate for the project by helping secure the decisions, resources, and authority that allow project activities to progress.
People in this function play a supporting role in keeping projects aligned to business objectives, removing obstacles, and addressing issues outside the bounds of the project teams’ decision authority. People also provide an escalation path for problems, issues, or risks that project teams cannot resolve on their own.
What is the function of “maintain governance”, within functions associated with projects?
People who fill a governance function approve and support recommendations make by the project team and monitor project progress in achieving the desired outcomes.
What are the 11 “internal environment factors” that can enhance, constrain, or have a neutral influence on project outcomes?
1) Process assets.
2) Governance documentation.
3) Data assets.
4) Knowledge assets.
5) Security and security.
6) Organizational culture, structure, and government.
7) Geographic distribution of facilities and resources.
8) Infrastructure.
9) Information technology software.
10) Resources availability.
11) Employee capability.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “process assets”?
These may include tools, methodologies, approaches, templates, frameworks, patterns, and PMO resources.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “governance documentation”?
This is documentation of policies and processes.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “data assets”?
These include databases, document libraries, metrics, data, and artifacts from previous projects.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “knowledge assets”?
These may include tacit knowledge among the project team members, subject matter experts, and other employees.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “security and safety”?
These include procedures and practices for facility access, data protection, levels of confidentiality, and proprietary secrets.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “organizational culture, structure, governance”?
These aspects include vision, mission, values, beliefs, cultural norms, leadership style, hierarchy and authority relationships, organizational style, ethics, and code of contact.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “geographic distribution of facilities and resources”?
These resources include work locations, virtual project teams, and shared systems.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “infrastructure”?
This consists of existing facilities, equipment, organizational and telecommunications channels, information technology hardware, availability, and capacity.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “information technology software”?
Include scheduling software, configuration management systems, web interfaces to online automated systems, collaboration tools, and work authorization systems
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “resource availability”?
Includes contracting and purchasing constraints, approved providers and subcontractors, and collaboration agreements. Availability related to both people and materials includes contracting and purchasing constraints, approved providers and subcontractors, and timelines.
What is meant by the “internal environmental factor” of “employee capability”?
Include general ad specialized expertise, skills, competencies, techniques, and knowledge.
