Chapter 1 Flashcards
a non-routine one-time job limited by time and budget to meet a specified need of the customer
Project
a the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Project management
PM skills are necessary for a team leader who is responsible for communicating collective activities to produce a project within _, on _, and as _.
budget, time, specified
Project life cycle
- Initiating
- Planning
- Developing
- Implementing
- Closing
Modern careers has reshaped the role and definition of the _ _; jobs have become more complex and has created more specialized careers
work unit
The new (modern) careers involve the need for greater understanding of business missions, _, and _.
o Has increased _, influence, and complexity of most jobs
o Has created opportunities for those with the know-how to manage these - tasks effectively
goals, and objectives
responsibility
multi-faceted
A projects starts when someone within an organization initiates the _ of a new system or suggests modification of an existing system
o Whether or not an initial idea is carried forward is influenced by _ and _ _
IDEA
tangible and intangible factors
Large organizations often employ some form of _ _ that evaluates and recommends project proposals
project committee
the factors scope, time, and cost affect all projects, regardless of size, or time, and are reflected through the necessity of defining the project as specified, on time, and within budget
Triple constraints
Note: REDUCING time to delivery is likely to INCREASE the cost of the project
- Specific objectives
- Expected delivery time
- Limited resources
- Extent of the available talent pool
- Key stakeholders
- Top management support
- Inter-organizational relationships (Especially for large projects)
7 Issues for the PM to consider
The available _ _ _ is often a key factor in deciding whether or not to outsource some aspects of the project
Internal talent pool
the procurement of talent, such as consultants and suppliers, from outside of the organization and sometimes overseas
Outsourcing
the procurement of talent overseas
Offshoring
Individuals at all levels who have interest in the project and its final product.
Stakeholders
- Top MGT
- Those who fund the project, such as functional area managers
- Those who directly work on the project, such as team members
- Primary customers
- Clients of the project outcome
- Suppliers
Examples of stakeholders
The success of _ _ depends on the broad participation of people in those functions that will be affected by the outcome
integrated projects
The _ _ _ gives a useful viewpoint for the project manager to employ in planning activities, allocating resources, setting milestones, monitoring progress, and communicating developments
Project life cycle
o Project is initiated and commitment is made
o Sponsors make the case as to why the new system is needed
o PM is appointed
Initiation stage
_ of the idea must make the case as to why the new project is needed and how it helps organizational objectives
Sponsors
The _ _ is the person responsible for carrying out the project through the development life cycle and delivering the final product
Project manager
o Project scope is clearly defined
o Objectives are described
o Activities are planned
o Team members are identified and responsibilities are assigned
o PM estimates cost, schedules work, forms the team, assigns responsibilities, establishes a communication mode, plans quality control, and designs risk analysis
o Resource needs are identified and commitments are obtained
Planning stage
o The project is designed in detail and developed
o Purchase requisitions are prepared and sent out
o Proper authorizations are obtained for assigning human expertise
o Inter-organizational communication channels are established
o Requests for release of equipment and material are prepared and sent
o Contracts for outside vendors and new hires are prepared and forwarded
o Revisions and changes to the project plan are made
o Progress is monitored; cost and time are controlled; and communication is maintained
Developing stage / executing phase
_ _ is obtained through quality control that is built into the process, with responsibilities clearly assigned
Quality assurance
o The product is delivered to the customer
o All tests are carried out and instructions and manuals are prepared
o Training is carried out for at least the principle users and customers of the system
o The new system is integrated with other existing systems
o Project resources, equipment, and materials are released to other projects
o Material transfer documents are prepared and approved
o Team members are reassigned to new projects
Implementing stage / control phase
o Customer formally accepts the project o Project team members are evaluated o Vendor contracts are terminated o Documents and forms are archived o The project is audited
Closing stage
a review of facts relative to events, activities, and processes for the purpose of organizational learning
Project audit
organizations need to learn from the successes and failures through this knowledge sharing and build on this past experience to improve future performance
Organizational learning
Organizations need to learn from their successes and failures through this knowledge sharing (its _ _) and build on this past experience to improve future performance
Organizational memory
● People who will be in some way associated with the project and include internal or external individuals or groups are _
● _ _ – technique to help project managers in such circumstances
o Done in a _ _ as a list or set of interconnecting circles (_ _)
Stakeholders
Stakeholder analysis
brainstorming session
stakeholder map
Influences our decisions continuously as we try to distinguish right from wrong
Ethics
_ _ _ - many companies have these to guide employee behavior
o Individual’s _ _ is influenced by education, family, religion, and work environment
Codes of conduct
ethical conduct
- Have you been true to the purpose of the project?
- Have you treated everyone alike, giving everyone a chance?
- Have you been consistent, do people know where you stand?
- Have you been fair in your evaluation of others?
- Have you been open to suggestions and opinions?
- Have you accepted responsibilities and admitted mistakes?
Reflections on ethics (for managers)
people who initiated the
idea and those who will be recipients of the final product
Key stakeholders
