Chapter 1 Flashcards
Community Based Corrections
any sanction in which offender serves all or portion of a sentence in the community, usually noninstitutional
How big is the problem
7 million people (3%) of the total adult population is under some form of correctional institution
Pre-adjudication
occurs prior to finding of guilty
Post-adjudication
plead guilty or found guilty
Probation
most common form of community supervision
Labeling theory
the idea that negative societal reaction to offenders would only isolate them even more and encourage further criminality
Indeterminate
judges provide a range of time for punishment; parole boards determine readiness for release
Determinate
an exact amount or narrow range of time to be served
Mandatory minimums
violent or repeat offenders serve certain amount of time before release
3 strikes law
long or life prison sentencing for 3rd strike
California’s 3 strike law
after 2 serious felony convictions, any additional felony would result in a 25 - life sentence, and the law doubled sentences on 2nd offense, requiring it to be served in prison w/ no CBC and limited good time to 20% of the sentence, resulting in a declining crime rate 2 years prior to the passed law
Bail
payment deposited with the court to ensure the return of an offender
Sentencing
punishment decided for an offender
Reentry
returning to the community to live as law abiding citizen
Bonding benefits
no cost to taxpayer supported cj system
Pretrial supervision
correctional supervision of a defendant who is not yet convicted: account of whereabouts, allows preparation for upcoming court appearances, allows defendant to continue working, and keeps bed space open in jail
Sentencing decision
majority of offenders can be handled within the community
Intermediate sanctions
graduated levels of supervision, rewards for good behavior = less supervision, which can include higher levels of surveillance than probation, but less than incarceration
Prerelease program
minimum security institutional setting for offenders who have already done time and are nearing release
Parole
discretionary release of an offender before expiration of sentence under conditions established by the paroling authority
Rehabilitation through risk/need/responsivity
focusing on high-risk offenders, matching interventions with criminogenic needs and treatment to offender’s learning styles and characteristics
Restorative justice
offender takes responsibility to repair harm done to victim(s) and the community, with medication, reparation panels, circle sentencing, and monetary sanctions
Participation process model
suggests that offender compliance and active participation, along with officer supervision strategies of communication, casework, and leverage necessary to achieve accountability, offender risk reduction, and public safety. Changes are mediated by officer motivation, parental/ significant other support, and officer-client relationship quality
