Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is a psychological test?
A measurement tool or technique that requires a person to perform one or more behaviors in order to make inferences about human attributes, traits or characteristics or to predict future outcomes
What are the two most common/more typical types of psychological test?
2pts
- Personality tests
- Intelligence tests
What is behavior?
An observable and measurable action
Using evidence to draw a conclusion.
Inference
An underlying, unobservable personal attribute, trait, or characteristic of an individual that is considered important in describing or understanding human behavior.
Psychological construct
The quantitative and technical aspects of testing.
Are there more good or bad tests?
2pts
- Psychometrics
- There are more bad tests than good tests
What are 6 parts of a psychological test?
6pts
- Behavior preformed
- Construct measured and predicted knowledge (ex- intelligence)
- Content
- Administration and format (ex- paper, computer, interview)
- Scoring and interpretation (ex- manual, expert automatic)
- Psychometric quality
What is the Alfred Binet and the Binet Simon scale?
5pts
- Intelligence measured through reasoning, judgement and problem solving
- Used his children and other children
- First to identify “slow” children
- Used chronological mental age as a way to provide mental score
–> Ex- my 6 year old has the mental age of a 11 year old
- Adaptation of Binet
- Standardized and item addition
- Intelligence quotient index
What test is this?
Lewis Terman and the Stanford Binet intelligence Scales
The Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults
Based on acting with determination, thinking logically, interacting with the environment
- The Weschler test not only focused on general knowledge but also how quickly you complete a task/question/ how quick you adapt
- Originally designed to screen recruits for shell shock (PTSD) risk during World War I.
- Final version consisted of 116 questions focused on personal and family history, health, and habits.
- Developed too late.
What is this? What are 6 issues with this?
The personal data sheet
Issues:
- Lack of standardization
- Limited scope
- Reliability and validity concerns
- Potential for bias
- Subjective in responses
- Cultural and contextual limitations
What is the Rorschach inkbot?
- Projective test used to analyze personality characteristics and emotional functioning
- Projective= you are projecting ideas you are unaware of, projecting your unconscious
- Series of ambiguous pictures.
- Individuals are asked to create a story for each picture, including what is happening, the characters’ thoughts and feelings, and how the situation might have developed and will resolve.
What test is this?
2pts
- Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)- Projective psychological test used to uncover underlying motives, concerns and the way a person sees the social world
What is the issues with TAT and the Rorschach test ? When are they used?
2pts
- Can be subjective and lead potentially biased conclusions
- More so used to stimulate conversation in therapy rather than as a diagnostic tools
- Helps predict a candidate’s success in specific professions.
- Developed during the Great Recession after the war
- General skills measure
What type of test is this?
Professional test
What are the 3 defining characteristics of psychological tests?
3pts
- All good tests use representative samples of behaviors that are supposed to measure an attribute or thought to predict an outcome.
- Everything is the same for everyone (standardized conditions)
- Graded in the same way (scoring rules)
What is validity vs reliability?
Validity: Psychological test measures what they claim to measure or predict what they are supposed to predict
- Reliability: An individuals behavior and test results, will generally remain stable over time
Require the people being tested to perform a specific, well-defined task.
What test classification method?
Maximum performance testing
Require applicants to report or describe their feelings, beliefs, opinions or mental states.
What test classification method is this?
Self-assessment tests
Involve observing people’s behavior and how people generally react in a particular context
What test classification method is this?
Observational tests of behavior
Designed to measure a specific construct, and after development, are administered to a large group of individuals who are similar to the group for which the test was designed.
Standardized tests
These are tests where candidates choose an answer or provide an answer and there are predetermined correct answers, requiring little subjective judgment from the person marking the test.
Objective test
-Ex- IQ, personality tests
Are those on which test subjects see and are asked to respond to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli such as incomplete images or sentences.
- Projective tests
- Ex- TAT
What is the measured dimension- aptitude test?
2pts
- Assess a candidates learning potential or ability to perform in a new job or situation
- Determine the maximum
What is the measured dimension- achievement test?
2pts
- Measure a person’s achievements in a specific academic field.
- Specific point in time
Assess a person’s interests in educational programs for work environments and provide information to make career decisions.
Are like aptitude tests and assess a candidate’s ability to cope with the environment, but on a broader level.
2pts
- Interest inventories
- Intelligence tests
What is a psychological assessment?
Uses several methods, such as personal history interviews, behavioral observations, and psychological tests to gather information about an individual
BLANK: is the process of evaluating the size, quantity, or degree of an attribute using specific rules to turn the attribute into numbers.
BLANK: is a tool or technique for assessing the size, quantity or degree of an attribute.
Measure, measuring instrument
