-CHAPTER 1- Flashcards
-itis
inflammation #suffix
hepat/o
liver
inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis - hepat/itis (hep-ah-TI-tis)
part of the hip bone
ilium (IL-e-um)
third part of small intestine
ileum (IL-e-UM)
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
urethra (u-RE-thrah)
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney and inserting into the urinary bladder
ureter (U-reh-ter)
Large intestine
colon
headache; head pain
cephalgia (seh-FAL-jah)
Medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye (surgical and medical)
Ophthalmologist - opthalmo/log/ist (of-thal-MOL-o-jist)
foundation of the word
root
hemat/o or hem/o
blood
word ending in terminology
suffix
links the root to the suffix or the root to another root
combining vowel (usually o)
-logy
process of study #suffix
process of study of blood
hematology - hemat/o/logy (he-mah-TOL-o-je)
record of the electricity in the heart
electrocardiogram - electr/o/cardi/o/gram (eh-lek-tro-KAR-de-o-gram) [ECG/EKG]
electr
electricity
cardi/o
heart
-gram
record #suffix
inflammation of the stomach
gastritis - gastr/itis
gastr/o
stomach
process of study of the stomach and intestines
gastroenterology - gastr/enter/o/logy (gas-tro-en-teh-ROL-o-je)
enter/o
intestines (usually the small intestines)
three general rules in founding medical terminology
Read, Drop and Keep
word in the beginning of a terminology
prefix
pertaining to below the stomach
hypogastric - hypo/gastr/ic (hi-po-GAS-trik)
hypo-
deficient or under or below or less than normal #prefix
-ic or -al or -ac
pertaining to #suffix
epi-
above or upon #prefix
pertaining to above the stomach
epigastric - epi/gastr/ic (ep-ih-GAS-trik)
Important elements of medical terms
Root, Suffix, Prefix, Combining Vowel, Combining form
combination of the root and combining vowel
Combining form
aden/o
gland
tumor of a gland
adenoma - aden/oma (ah-deh-NO-mah)
-oma
tumor or a mass or collection or swelling #suffix
inflammation of a gland
Adenitis - asden/itis (ah-deh-NI-tis)
arthr/o
joint
inflammation of a joint
Arthritis - arthr/itis (ar-THRI-tis)
bi/o
life
log/o
study of
-y or -ism
process or condition #suffix
study of life (living organisms)
biology - bio/logy (bi-OL-o-je)
Process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination.
Biopsy - bi/opsy (BI-op-se)
-opsy
process of viewing #suffix
study of the heart
Cardiology - cardio/logy (kar-de-OL-o-je)
carcin/o
cancerous, cancer
cancerous (malignant) tumor that grows from epithelial cells that line the outside of the body or the inside of organs in the body.
carcinoma - carcin/oma (kar-sih-NO-mah)
cephal/o
head
pertaining to the head
Cephalic - cephal/ic (seh-FAH-lik)
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
pertaining to the cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
Cerebral - cerebr/al (seh-RE-bral)
cis/o
to cut
in-
into or in #prefix
-ion
process #suffix
Process of cutting into the body
Incision - in/cis/ion (in-SIZH-un)
ex-
out #prefix
Process of cutting out; removal; resection
Excision - ex/cis/ion (ek-SIZH-un)
crin/o
to secrete (to form and give off)
endo-
within #prefix
Glands that secrete hormones within the body, directly into the bloodstream
Endocrine glands - endo/crine (EN-do-krin glanz)
Glands that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body
Exocrine glands - exo/crene (EK-so-krin glanz)
ex- or exo-
out, outside of, outward #prefix
cyst/o
urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)
Visual examination of the urinary bladder.
Cystoscopy - cysto/scopy (sis-TOS-ko-pe)
-scopy
process of visual examination #suffix
scop
visual examination
cyt/o
cell
Study of cells
Cytology - cyto/logy (si-TOL-o-je)
derm/o or dermat/o
skin
Inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis - dermat/itis (der-mah-TI-tis)
Pertaining to under the skin
Hypodermic - hypo/derm/ic (hi-po-DER-mik)
encephal/o
brain
Record of the electricity in the brain
Electroencephalogram - electro/encephalo/gram (eh-lek-tro-en-SEF-ah-lo-gram) [EEG]
Inflammation of the small intestine
Enteritis - enter/itis (en-teh-RI-tis)
erythr/o
red
-cyte
cell #suffix
Red blood cell
Erythrocyte - erythro/cyte (eh-RITH-ro-site)
Removal or excision of the stomach.
Gastrectomy - gastr/ectomy (gas-TREK-to-me)
-ectomy
excision or removal. All or, more commonly, part of the stomach is removed #suffix
-tomy
process of cutting, incision #suffix
Incision of the stomach
Gastrotomy -gastro/tomy (gas-TROT-o-me)
glyc/o
sugar
hyper-
excessive, above or more than normal #prefix
-emia
blood condition #suffix
High levels of sugar in the bloodstream; associated with diabetes mellitus
Hyperglycemia hyper/glyc/emia (hi-per-gli-SE-me-ah)
gnos/o
knowledge
dia-
complete or through #prefix
-sis or -is or
state of or condition of #suffix
“state of complete knowledge” ; Complete knowledge of a patient’s condition
Diagnosis - dia/gnos/is (di-ag-NO-sis)
pro-
before or forward #prefix
“knowledge before” ; Prediction about the outcome of an illness; knowledge beforehand.
Prognosis - pro/gnos/is(prog-NO-sis)
gynec/o
woman, female
Study of the disorders of the female reproductive system.
Gynecology - gynec/o/logy (gi-neh-KOL-o-je)
Collection or mass of blood
Hematoma - hemat/oma (he-mah-TO-mah)
Study of blood and blood disorders
Hematology - hemato/logy (he-mah-TOL-o-je)
-globin
protein #suffix
Blood protein containing iron; carries oxygen in red blood cells
Hemoglobin - hemo/globin (HE-mo-glo-bin)
iatr/o
treatment, physician
-genic
pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in #suffix
Pertaining to produced by a treatment or a procedure
Iatrogenic - iatro/genic (i-ah-tro-JEN-ik)
leuk/o
white
This blood cells carry oxygen in the blood
Red Blood Cells
This blood cell helps the body fight disease
White Blood Cells
White blood cell
Leukocyte - leuko/cyte (LU-ko-site)
Study of the skin
Dermatology - dermato/logy (der-mah-TOL-o-je)
nephr/o (greek)
kidney
Inflammation of a kidney (greek)
Nephritis -nephr/itis (nef-RI-tis)
Study of the kidneys and kidney disease
Nephrology - nephro/logy (nef-ROL-o-je)
neur/o
nerve
Study of nerves and nerve disorders
Neurology -neuro/logy (nu-ROL-o-je)
onc/o
tumor (cancerous)
Study of tumors (malignant tumors)
Oncology - onco/logy (on-KOL-o-je)
-ist
one who specializes in a field of medicine #suffix
Specialist in the study of tumors; particularly malignant (cancerous) tumors
Oncologist - onco/log/ist (on-KOL-o-gist)
ophthalm/o
eye
Instrument to visually examine the eyes
Ophthalmoscope - ophthalmo/scope (of-THAL-mo-skope)
oste/o
bone
Inflammation of bone
Osteitis - oste/itis (os-te-I-tis)
Inflammation of bones and joints. This is a progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of cartilage and hypertrophy of bone within the joint.
Osteoarthritis - osteo/arthr/itis (os-te-o-ar-THRI-tis)
path/o
disease
Study of disease
Pathology - patho/logy (path-OL-o-je)
Specialist in the study of disease; evaluates biopsies, and performs autopsies
Pathologist - patho/log/ist (path-OL-o-jist)
ped/o
child
Pertaining to treatment of children
Pediatric - ped/iatr/ic (pe-de-AH-trik)
psych/o
mind
Study of the mind
Psychology - psycho/logy (si-KOL-o-je)
Physician who treats the mind and mental disorders
Psychiatrist - psych/iatr/ist (si-KI-ah-trist)
radi/o
x-rays
Study of x-ray and other energy sources in the diagnosis of disease
Radiology - radio/logy (ra-de-OL-o-je)
ren/o (Latin)
kidney
Pertaining to the kidney (latin)
Renal - ren/al (RE-nal)
rhin/o
nose
Inflammation of the nose
Rhinitis - rhin/itis (ri-NI-tis)
sarc/o
flesh
Cancerous Tumor (malignant) of cells from “fleshy” connective tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and cartilage
Sarcoma - sarc/oma (sar-KO-mah)
sect/o
to cut
Removal (excision) of an organ or part of the body.
“Cut back” in the sense of cutting out or removal.
Resection - re/sect/ion (re-SEK-shun)
re-
back or backward or again #prefix
thromb/o
clot, clotting
Clotting cell; platelets
Thrombocyte - thrombo/cyte (THROM-bo-site)
these cells help clot blood
Platelets
is the actual clot that forms
Thrombus
is the condition of clot formation
Thrombosis
ur/o
urinary tract, urine
Specialist in the study of the urinary tract. Physician (surgeon) specializing in operating on the urinary tract in males and females and on the reproductive tract in males.
Urologist - uro/log/ist (u-ROL-o-gist)
Skin cancer arising from cells in the basal layer of the epidermis. The most common form of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma (BA-sal sel kar-sih-NO-mah)
is a cancerous tumor of the esophagus
Esophageal carcinoma
tube leading from the throat to the stomach
Esophagus (eh-SOF-ah-gus)
pharynx
throat
Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; a stroke or CVA
Cerebrovascular accident (seh-re-bro-VAS-cu-lar AK-sih-dent)
Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory, among other functions
Cerebrum (seh-RE-brum)
Pertaining to the heart
Cardiac - cardi/ac (KAR-de-ak)
Pertaining to nerves
Neural - neur/al (NU-ral)
-algia
pain
Joint pain
Arthralgia - arth/algia (ar-THRAL-jah)
Nerve pain
Neuralgia - neur/algia (nu-RAL-jah)
Removal of a kidney
Nephrectomy - nephr/ectomy (nef-REK-to-me)
Blood condition of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells
Leukemia - leuk/emia (lu-KE-me-ah)
Pertaining to produced in or by bone
Osteogenic -osteo/genic (os-te-o-JEN-ik)
Pertaining to producing disease
Pathogenic - patho/genic (path-o-jen-ic)
Pertaining to producing cancer
Carcinogenic - carcino/genic (kar-sih-no-JEN-ik)
Tumor (cancerous) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatoma - hepat/oma (hep-ah-TO-mah)
-osis
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
Abnormal condition of the kidney.
Nephrosis - nephr/osis (nef-RO-sis)
Condition of slight increase in normal white blood cells; often the result of inflammation or infection.
Leukocytosis - leuko/cyt/osis (lu-ko-si-TO-sis)
-pathy
disease condition
Disease of the brain
Encephalopathy - encephalo/pathy (en-seh-fah-LOP-ath-e)
Disease condition of a “gland”, actually refers to disease of lymph nodes; lymphadenopathy.
Adenopathy - adeno/pathy (ah-deh-NOP-ah-the)
-scope
instrument to visually examine
Instrument to visually examine the interior of the body
Endoscope - endo/scope (EN-do-skope)
Process of visual examination within the body
Endoscopy - endo/scopy (en-DOS-ko-pe)
Incision of a bone
Osteotomy - osteo/tomy (os-te-OT-o-me)
a- or an-
no or not or without
Condition marked by reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in blood
Anemia - an/emia (ah-NE-me-ah)
aut- or auto-
self or own
Examination of a body after death (postmortem) to determine the cause of death. “process of viewing by oneself”.
Autopsy - aut/opsy (AW-top-se)
Medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders
Endocrinologist - endo/crino/log/ist (en-do-crin-OL-o-jist)
Condition of increased secretion of thyroid gland hormones
Hyperthyroidism - hyper/thyroid/ism(hi-per-THI-royd-izm)
Low/deficient levels of sugar in blood
Hypoglycemia - hypo/glyc/emia(hi-po-gli-SE-me-ah)
peri-
surrounding or around #prefix
Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
Pericardium - peri/cardi/um (peh-rih-KAR-de-um)
-um
a structure
Gland in men that surrounds the neck of the urinary bladder and urethra. It produces a fluid which, after combining with sperm cells, leaves the body as semen
Prostate gland -pro/state gland(PROS-tayt gland)
-state
“stands” before or in front of the male urinary bladder
retro-
behind
Pertaining to behind the heart
Retrocardiac retro/cardi/ac (reh-tro-KAR-de-ak)
sub-
below or under #prefix
Pertaining to below the liver
Subhepatic - sub/hepat/ic(sub-heh-PAT-ik)
trans-
across or through #prefix
Pertaining to through or across the liver
Transhepatic - trans/hepat/ic (tranz-heh-PAT-ik)
A specialist in the study of the kidneys (Non-surgical)
Nephrologist - nephro/log/ist (nef-ROL-o-jist)
metr/o
to measure
Non-medical professional trained to examine and measure the eye to prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses
Optometrist - opto/metr/ist (op-TOM-eh-trist)
Non-medical professional trained in grinding lenses and fitting eyeglasses.
Optician (op-TISH-an)
Pertaining to occurring over a long time
Chronic (KRON-ik)
A serious brain injury associated with high-impact head trauma
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy [CTE]
Condition of increased secretion of thyroid gland hormones
Hyperthyroidism (hi-per-THI-royd-izm)
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland to increase body metabolism; T4
Thyroxine (thi-ROK-sin)
Rapid heartbeat
Tachycardia (tah-ke-KAR-de-ah)
removal of a gland
adenectomy
