Chapter 1 Flashcards
Concepts in Tests and Measurement
Measurement
the act of assessing
Test
an instrument or tool used to make the particular measurement
Evaluation
a statement of quality, goodness, merit, value, or worthiness about what has been assessed
Norm-referenced standard
comparing the number of steps to another person’s (perhaps of the people of the same age, gender, or class)
Criterion-referenced
comparing the number of steps to a specific minimum
Formative evaluation
- initial
- intermediate
occurs throughout an instructional, training, or research process.
Example: pretest and the subsequent evaluation of the results
IMPORTANT TO TRACK CHANGES
Summative evaluation
final evaluation that come at the end of an instructional or training unit.
Example: grade for the class
The difference between formative and summative evaluations
The actual use of data
General purposes of measurements and evaluation
- placement
- diagnosis
- prediction
- motivation
- achievement
- program evaluation
Placement
initial test and evaluation allowing a professional group student into training groups according to their abilities.
Diagnosis
determination of weaknesses or deficiencies in students, medical patients, athletes, and fitness program participants.
Prediction
goal of the scientific research is to predict future events or results from present or past data .
Motivation
the measurements and evaluation is important for motivating your students and program participants.
Achievement
in a training program, a set of objectives must be established by which participants’ achievement level can be evaluated.
Program evaluation
you may have to conduct program evaluations in the future to justify your treatment, instruction, and training process.
Reliability
consistency of measurement
Validity
truthfulness of measurements
Objectivity
reliability between raters (interrater reliability)
Formula
Reliability + relevance = validity
Bloom’s classification system
Taxonomy about the highest level of cognitive endeavors
Cognitive domain
knowledge-based information
Affective domain
Psychological and emotional attributes (How people feel about their performance)
DIFFICULT TO MEASURE
Psychomotor domain
- reflexive movements
- basic locomotor movements
- perceptual motor movements
- physical abilities
- skilled movements
- non-discursive movements
In Bloom’s taxonomy, the lowest level of learning is …
knowledge
The most important characteristic of measurement is
Validity
If the same test is administered three different times and results in three VERY different scores, what characteristic would the test possibly be missing?
Reliability
A test that is given by two different people may be in danger of lacking …
Objectivity
