Chapter 1 Flashcards
Learn important terms and key information in chapter 1.
This collection of physical devices that comprise of a computer system.
Hardware
The programs that tell the computer what to do.
Software
The act of developing and writing programs.
Programming
Programs that you apply to a task.
Application Software
The programs that use to manage a computer.
System Software
The entry of data items into computer memory using hardware devices such as keyboards and mice.
Input
All the text, numbers and other information processed by a computer.
Data items
Data items may involve organizing them, checking them for accuracy, or performing mathematical operations on them.
Processing
The primary hardware component that processes data.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The operation of retrieving information from memory and sending it to a device. such as a monitor or printer. so people can view, interpret, and work with the results.
Output
Processed Data
Information
Types of hardware equipment, such as disk, that hold information for later retrieval.
Storage Devices
Languages used to write programs. Examples are Visual Basic, C#, C++, Java, or COBOL, are used to write programs.
Programming Language
The set of instructions a programmer writes in a programming language.
Program Code
The act of writing programming language instructions.
Coding the program
Rules of grammar language.
Syntax
An error in language or grammar.
Syntax Errors
The temporary, internal computer storage.
Computer Memory
Temporary, internal computer storage.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Storage whose contents are lost when the power is lost.
Volatile
Storage whose contents are retained when the power is lost.
Nonvolatile
The computer’s on/off circuitry language.
Machine Language
The statements a programmer writes in a programming language.
Source Code
Translated Machine language.
Object Code
Program that translates a high level language into machine language and indicates if you used a programming language incorrectly.
Compiler or Interpreter
language that is represented using a series of 0’s and 1’s.
Binary Language
To carry out a program’s instructions.
Run or Execute
Used to write programs that are typed directly from a keyboard. Scripting Languages are stored as text rather than as binary executable files.
Scripting Language( Also called Scripting programming language or script language.)
When incorrect instructions are performed, or when instructions are performed in the wrong order.
Logical Error
Giving instructions to the computer in a specific sequence, without omitting any instructions or adding extraneous instructions.
Logic
A named memory location whose value can vary.
Variable
Steps that occur during the program’s lifetime.
Program Development Cycle
What are the steps in the program development cycle?
- ) Understanding the Problem
- ) Plan the Program
- ) Code the program
- ) Translate the program
- ) Test the Program
- ) Release the program for Production
- ) Maintain the program.
People who employ and benefit from computer programs.
Users or End Users
All the supporting paperwork for a program.
Documentation
The sequence of steps necessary to solve any problem.
Algorithm
A program development tool that delineates input, processing, and output tasks.
IPO Chart
Program development tool that list task, objects, and events.
TOE Chart
The process of walking through a program solution on paper.
Desk Checking
A language that supports English-like syntax.
High-Level Programming Language
A language that is made up of 0’s and 1’s (binary language) and does not use easily interpreted variable names.
Low-Level Programming Language
The process of finding and correcting programming errors.
Debugging
The entire set of actions an organization must take to switch over to using a new program or set of programs.
Conversion
All the improvements and corrections made to a program after it is in production.
Maintenance
An English-Like representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
Pseudocode
A pictorial representation of the logical steps it takes to solve a problem.
Flowchart
This indicates a input operation and is represented by a Parallelogram in the flowcharts.
Input Symbol (Flowcharts)
This indicates a processing operation and is represented by a Rectangle in the flowcharts.
Processing Symbol (Flowcharts)
This indicates a output operation and is represented by a Parallelogram in the flowcharts.
Output Symbol (Flowcharts)
Both are represented by a Parallelogram in the flowcharts.
Input/Output Symbol (I/O symbol)
Arrows that connect the steps in a flowchart.
Flowlines
The beginning or end of a flowchart segment and is represented by a Lozenge.
Terminal symbol
A repetition in a series of steps.
Loop
Repeating Logic cannot end.
Infinite Loop
The act of testing a value.
Making a Decision
Indicates a decision being made in a flowchart represented by a Diamond.
Decision Symbol (Flowcharts)
A preselected value that stops the execution of a program.
Dummy Value (Sentinel Value)
EOF
End Of File (Dummy/Sentinel value)
A program that you use to create simple text files; it is similar to a word processor, but without as many features.
Text Editor
A software package that provides an editor, compiler, and other programming tools.
Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
A software package that contains useful tools for creating programs in Visual Basic, C++, and C#.
Microsoft Visual studio IDE
A location on your computer screen at which you type text entries to communicate with the computer’s operating system.
Command Line
Allows users to interact with a program in a graphical environment.
Graphical User interface (GUI)
Programming model that focuses on the procedures that programmers create.
Procedural Programming
Programming model that focuses on the objects, or “things,” and describes their features (also called attributes) and behaviors.
Object-Oriented Programming
