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ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

A psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected

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2
Q

4Ds of a psychological disorder

A

Deviance
Dysfucntion
Distress
Danger

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3
Q

True or false

The 4Ds are the criterion that has been made that fully defines a psychological disorder.

A

False. There’s no one criterion that has been developed that fully defines a psychological disorder.

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4
Q

Deviance

A

Something atypical or not culturally expected. Considered abnormal because it occurs infrequently or deviates from the average.

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5
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and Statisitcal Manual for Psychological Disorders, 5ht Ed.

Contains the criteria for psychological disorders.

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6
Q

True or False

It is difficult to define what constitutes a psycholoigical disorder. The DSM-5 presents the most widely accepted definition.

A

True.

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7
Q

True or False

DSM-5 presents a typical profile of a psychological disorder called prototype.

A

True.

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8
Q

Psychopathology

A

Scientific study of psychological disorders.

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9
Q

Scientist-practitioner

A

Mental health professionals take a scientific approach to their clinical work.

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10
Q

3 characteristics of a scientist-practicioner

A

Consume Science
> keep up with scientific developments

Evaluate Science
> evaluate own assessments and treatement procedures

Create Science
> do research

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11
Q

Presented list of a specific or set of problems

A

Presenting problem

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12
Q

Unique combination of behaviors,thoughts, and feelings making up a specific disorder

A

Clinical description

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13
Q

Important function of a clinical description

A

Specify what makes the disorder different from normal behavior or other disorders.

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14
Q

Asks the number of people in a population have the disorder.

A

Prevalence

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15
Q

Asks the new cases of a disorder in a time period.

A

Incidence

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16
Q

The percentage of males and females has the disorder.

A

Sex ratio

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17
Q

An individual pattern of the disorder based on symptoms, age of onset, and sex ratio.

A

Course

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18
Q

It is a course that tends to last for a long time, sometimes a lifetime

A

Chronic course

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19
Q

Episodic course

A

The course that is likely to recover within a few months only to suffer recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

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20
Q

Time-limited course

A

A course that will improve without treatment in a realtively short period with little or no risk of recurrence.

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21
Q

An onset of a disorder that begins suddenly.

A

Acute onset

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22
Q

Insidious onset

A

An onset that describes a gradual development over an extended period of a disorder.

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23
Q

The anticipated course of a disorder.

A

Prognosis

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24
Q

Elements of a Clinical Description

A

Prevalence
Incidence
Sex ratio
Age
Course
Onset
Prognosis

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25
Q

Study of origins, why a disorder begins - biological, psychological, and social dimensions.

A

Etiology

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26
Q

Miguel recently began feeling sad and lonely. Although still able to function at work and fulfill other responsibilities, he finds himself feeling down much of the time and he worries about what is happening to him. Which of the definitions of abnormality apply to Miguel’s situation?

(a) societal norm violation
(b) impairment in functioning
(c) dysfunction
(d) distress

A

(d) distress

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27
Q

Three weeks ago, Jane, a 35-year-old business executive, stopped showering, refused to leave her apartment, and started watching television talk shows. Threats of being fired have failed to bring Jane back to reality, and she continues to spend her days staring blankly at the television screen. Which of the definitions seems to describe Jane’s behavior?

(a) societal norm violation
(b) impairment in functioning
(c) dysfunction
(d) distress

A

(b) impairment in functioning and (c) dysfunction

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28
Q

Maria should recover quickly with no intervention necessary. Without treatment, John will deteriorate rapidly.

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(d) prognosis

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29
Q

Three new cases of bulimia have been reported in this county during the past month and only one in the next county.

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(c) incidence

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30
Q

Elizabeth visited the campus mental health center because of her increasing feelings of guilt and anxiety.

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(a) presenting problem

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31
Q

Biological, psychological, and social influences all contribute to a variety of disorders.

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(f) etiology

32
Q

The pattern a disorder follows can be chronic, timelimited, or episodic.

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(e) course

33
Q

How many people in the population as a whole suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder?

(a) presenting problem
(b) prevalence
(c) incidence
(d) prognosis
(e) course
(f) etiology

A

(b) prevalence

34
Q

3 Major Traditions of Abnormal Behavior

A

Supernatural tradition
Biological tradition
Psychological tradition

35
Q

Agents of supernatural model

A

Divinities, demons, spirits, magnetic fields, moon or the stars

36
Q

Other terms for mind

A

Soul or psyche

37
Q

One of the treaments during the supernatural tradition.

Use of various religious rituals was performed in an effort to rid the victim of evil spirits.

A

Exorcism

38
Q

in psychological tradition, it is stated that Insanity is a natural phenomenon caused by _________ __ ________ _____, which is curable

A

mental or emotional stress

39
Q

Despair and lethargy was identified by the church with the sin of ______ or ______

A

acedia or sloth

40
Q

psychological tradition

treatments during the time when insanity was considered curable were

A

rest, sleep, and a healthy and happy environment

41
Q

Nicholas Oresme suggested that the disease of melancholy or __________ was the source of some bizarre behavior.

A

Depression

42
Q

Other treatments for possession other than exorcism are

A

confinement, beatings, and other forms of torture

hanging people over a pit full of poisonous snakes therapeutic element of shock

43
Q

Simultaneous behavior of people simply demonstrates the phenomenon of emotion contagion, in which the experience of an emotion

A

Mass hysteria

44
Q

Word derived from Luna or Moon means crazy

A

Lunatic

45
Q

Father of modern western medicine

A

Hippocrates

46
Q

True or False

In the Hippocratic Corpus, it suggested that a psychological disorder could be treated like any other disease.

A

True.

47
Q

Biological Tradition

Psychological disorders might also be caused by brain ________ or head ______ and could be influenced by ________ (_______).

A

brain pathology or head trauma; heredity (genetics)

48
Q

Hippocrates considered the brain to be the seat of w________, c_____________, i______________, and e_________.

A

wisdom, consciousness, intelligence, and emotion.

49
Q

Hippocratic-GaIen approach is the

A

Humoral theory of disorders

50
Q

Four bodily fluids or humors

A

Blood(heart), black bile(spleen), yellow bile( liver), and phlegm(brain)

51
Q

Humoral theory; ____________ imbalances

A

Chemical

52
Q

Treatments for excessive humors

A

Rest
Nutrition
Excercise
Bleeding or bloodletting
Induce vomitting

53
Q

To induce vomitting, Robert Burton recommends

A

Eating tobacco and half-boiled cabbage

54
Q

Chinese medicine ; treatment

A

Yin and yang; acupuncture

55
Q

physical symptoms appear to be the result of a medical problem for which no physical cause can be found

A

somatic symptom disorders

56
Q

sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain

A

advanced syphilis

57
Q

Symptoms of advanced syphilis

A

believing that everyone is plotting against you (delusion of persecution) or that you are God (delusion of grandeur), as well as other bizarre behaviors.

Psychosis
Delusions
Hallucination

58
Q

Delusion

A

Belief not based on reality

59
Q

Hallucinations

A

Perceptions not based on reality

60
Q

advanced syphilis was designated as __________ _________ because it had consistent symptoms (presentation) and a consistent course that resulted in death.

A

general paresis

61
Q

Facilitated the identification of the specific bacterial microorganism that caused syphilis

A

Louis Pasteur

62
Q

Louis Pasteur’s known for _________ _________

A

Germ theory

63
Q

Argued that the causes of insanity were always physical.

Invented the rotary fan to ventilate his large hospital.

A

John P. Grey

64
Q

A model explaining behavior with a single cause, often ignoring other relevant factors

A

One-dimensional model

65
Q

A model that takes an interdisciplinary approach, recognizing that multiple biological, psychological, and social factors interact to produce and maintain suffering.

A

Multidimensional model

66
Q

pre-existing vulnerability

A

diathesis

67
Q

A model that proposes mental disorders result from a combination of a pre-existing vulnerability (diathesis) and environmental stressors, demonstrating how genes and environment interact.

A

Diathesis -stress model

68
Q

Function of neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messenger
Transmit signal for communication

69
Q

Four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

70
Q

Name the Functions of the ff

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

A

frontal lobe: thinking and reasoning
parietal lobe: processes touch
occipital lobe: handles visual input
temporal lobe: responsible for processing sounds and storing long-term memories

71
Q

Classical conditioning

A

involves learning associations between two stimuli, where a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that already has meaning.

72
Q

Operant conditioning

A

involves learning associations between a behavior and its consequences, with behaviors reinforced by rewards or discouraged by punishments.

73
Q

Principle of Equifinality

A

multiple developmental paths can lead to the same outcome;different experiences and factors can converge to produce similar psychological disorders.

74
Q

purpose of Clinical assessment

A

Understand an individual
Predict behavior
Plan treatment
Evaluate treatment outcomes

75
Q

compare biological and psychological traditions

A

Biological:
- abnormal behavior due to physical illness and focuses on physical treatments
- led tomedications and physical interventions
-emphasizes the role of genetics and neurobiology

Psychological:
- abnormal behavior one to psychological and emotional factors.
- led to the development of various forms of psychotherapy
- emphasizes the role of environmental factors, learned behaviors, and unconscious conflicts

76
Q

Treatments of biological tradition

A

psychotropic medications
electroshock therapy
surgery

77
Q

Treatments of psychological tradition

A

psychotherapy, such as psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy, and behavior therapy

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY (5 decks)

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