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Psychological Testing & Assessment > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

educational testing tells us how much a person has learned whereas psychological assessment tells us?

A

psychological assessment tells us what can be learned about a person

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2
Q

what was the original intent of the Stanford-Binet test?

A

to identify intellectually disabled children who needed additional help

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3
Q

what is the difference between assessment and testing?

A

assessment acknowledges that tests are only one type of tool used by professional assessors (along with other tools, such as the interview) and that the value of a test, or of any other
tool of assessment is intimately linked to the knowledge, skill, and experience of the assessor while testing is the process of measuring variables by means designed to obtain a sample of behavior.

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4
Q

this term refers to the gathering and integration of psychology-related
data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of
tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses
and measurement procedures.

A

psychological assessment

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5
Q

this term refers to the process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior

A

psychological testing

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6
Q

does conducting an assessment require greater skill than administering a test?

A

yeah, conducting an assessment
requires greater education, training, and skill than simply administering a test.

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7
Q

what does educational assessment refer to? broadly speaking

A

educational assessment refers to, broadly speaking, the use of tests and other tools to evaluate abilities and skills relevant to success or failure in a school or pre-school context

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8
Q

this term refers to the use of evaluative tools to draw conclusions about psychological aspects of a person as they existed at some point in time prior to the assessment

A

retrospective assessment

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9
Q

this term refers to to the use
of tools of psychological evaluation to gather data and draw conclusions about a subject who is not in physical proximity to the person or people conducting the evaluation

A

remote assessment

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10
Q

what is ecological momentary assessment?

A

ecological momentary assessment refers to the “in the moment” evaluation of specific problems and related cognitive and behavioral
variables at the exact time and place that they occur

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11
Q

what should the assessor do when facing a relatively novel assessment situation?

A

the tool selection process is informed by some research in preparation for
the assessment.

Example: in the assessment of leadership, the tool selection procedure might be informed by reviewing publications dealing with behavioral studies of leadership, psychological studies of leaders, and/or cultural issues in leadership

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12
Q

what happens in collaborative psychological assessment?

A

in CPA, the assessor and assessee may work as “partners” from initial contact
through final feedback.

The assessment provider encourages collaboration by asking questions like, “After this assessment is finished, what would you like to know that you do not know already?”

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13
Q

what happens in therapeutic psychological assessment?

A

this type of assessment aims to be helpful throughout the assessment process.

the results are not revealed at the end, but shared immediately so that both the assessor and the assessee can co-develop an interpretation of the results and decide what questions require further assessment

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14
Q

what does dynamic assessment refer to?

A

dynamic assessment refers to an interactive approach that usually follows a model of

  1. Evaluation
  2. Intervention of some sort
  3. Evaluation
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15
Q

this is defined simply as a measuring device or procedure

A

a test

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16
Q

this term refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values)

A

psychological test

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17
Q

this term pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related
considerations such as time limits

A

format

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18
Q

this term refers to a code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects an
evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample of behavior

A

score

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19
Q

this term refers to the process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on
tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples

A

scoring

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20
Q

what is a cut score?

A

a cut score (also referred to as a cutoff score or simply a cutoff) is a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of
data into two or more classifications

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21
Q

JUST THINK:

Imagine you wanted to develop a test for a personality trait you termed “goth.”

How would you define this trait? What kinds of items would you include in the test? Why would you include those kinds of items? How would you distinguish this personality
trait from others?

A

yeah so real

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22
Q

JUST THINK:

Describe a situation in which testing is more appropriate than assessment.

By contrast, describe a situation in which assessment is more appropriate than testing.

A

YEAH SO REAL

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23
Q

JUST THINK:

How might one test of intelligence have more utility than another test of intelligence in the same school setting?

A

yeah so real

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24
Q

what is psychometric soundness?

A

psychometric soundness refers to whether the tests demonstrate sufficient levels of reliability and validity for ethical use with clients.

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25
Q

this is defined as the science of psychological measurement?

A

psychometrics

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26
Q

this term refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose

A

utility

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27
Q

JUST THINK:

What type of interview situation would you envision as ideal for being carried out entirely through the medium of text-messaging?

A

yeah so real

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28
Q

what is an interview?

A

an interview is a method of gathering
information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange.

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29
Q

what is a panel interview?

A

a panel interview is an assessment with more than one interviewer participating

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30
Q

this type of interviewing may be defined as a therapeutic dialogue that combines person-centered listening skills such as openness and
empathy, with the use of cognition-altering techniques designed to positively affect motivation and effect therapeutic change

A

motivational interviewing

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31
Q

JUST THINK:

What types of interviewing skills must the host of a talk show possess to be considered an effective interviewer?

Do these skills differ from those needed by a professional in the
field of psychological assessment? If so, how?

A

yeah so real i think

32
Q

what is a portfolio?

A

a portfolio is a summary of files of an individual’s work products on any type of medium and can serve as a tool of evaluation

33
Q

this term refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee

A

case history data

34
Q

how is case history data useful for assessment?

A

case history data can shed light on an individual’s past and current
adjustment as well as on the events and circumstances that may have contributed to any changes
in adjustment

School psychologists rely on case history data for insight into a student’s current academic or behavioral standing

35
Q

this very familiar term refers to a report or illustrative account concerning a person or
an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data

A

case study

36
Q

JUST THINK:
What are the pros and cons of using case history data as a tool of assessment?

A

maybe, open ended question bruh

37
Q

this term refers to the monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording
quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding those actions

is often used as a diagnostic aid in various settings such as inpatient facilities, behavioral research
laboratories, and classrooms

A

behavioral observation

38
Q

what is naturalistic observation?

A

rather than observing behavior in a confined laboratory setting, researchers observe in a natural setting which is a setting where the behavior is typically expected to occur

39
Q

JUST THINK:

What are the advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation as tools of
assessment?

A

open ended mf

example: naturalistic observation on the playground of a culturally different child suspected of having linguistic problems might reveal that the child has the necessary English language skills but is unwilling—for reasons of shyness, cultural upbringing, or whatever—to demonstrate those abilities to adults

40
Q

this term is defined as acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

A

role play

41
Q

what is a role-play test?

A

A role-play test is a tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation

42
Q

JUST THINK:

What are the pros and cons of role play as a tool of assessment? In your opinion, what type of presenting problem would be ideal for assessment by role play?

A

open ended

43
Q

what is local processing?

A

local processing is done when scoring is done on-site

44
Q

what is central prcoessing?

A

central processing is done when scoring is conducted at a central location

45
Q

what is teleprocessing?

A

teleprocessing is done when test-related data may be sent to and returned from a central facility by means of internet or phone lines or mail

46
Q

what is an interpretive report?

A

an interpretive report is distinguished by its inclusion of numerical or narrative interpretive statements

47
Q

what is a consultative report?

A

this type of report, usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment
professionals, may provide expert opinion concerning analysis of the data

48
Q

what is integrative report?

A

this type of report employs previously collected data into the test report

49
Q

what is an extended scoring report?

A

this report includes statistical analyses of the testtaker’s performance

50
Q

what is CAT?

A

CAT refers to computer adaptive testing which is a reference to the computer’s ability to tailor the test to the testtaker’s ability or test-taking pattern (brainscapes noh?)

51
Q

what is CAPA

A

CAPA refers to the term computer-assisted psychological assessment

In this case, the word assisted typically refers to the assistance computers provide to the test user, not the testtaker.

One specific brand of CAPA, for example, is Q-Interactive. Available from Pearson Assessments, this technology allows test users to administer tests by means of two iPads connected by bluetooth (one for the test administrator and one for the testtaker).

Test administrators may record testtakers’ verbal responses and may make written notes using a stylus with the iPad.

Scoring is immediate.

52
Q

JUST THINK:

Describe a test that would be ideal for
computer administration.

Then describe a test that would not be ideal for computer
administration.

A

open ended sana tama ka

53
Q

JUST THINK:

When is assessment using video a better approach than using a paper-and-pencil test?

What are the pitfalls, if any, to using
video in assessment?

A

open ended

54
Q

In addition to psychologists, who should be permitted access to, as well as the privilege of using, psychological tests?

A

open-ended yippie

55
Q

who are the parties involved in the assessment enterprise

A
  1. the test developer
  2. the test user
  3. the test-taker
  4. society
56
Q

this term refers to the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased assessee or people who knew the person well

For example, using psychological autopsies, Townsend (2007) explored the question of whether suicide terrorists were indeed suicidal from a classical psychological perspective. She concluded that they were not

A

psychological autopsy

57
Q

what is a diagnosis?

A

a diagnosis may be defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion

58
Q

this term refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention

A

diagnostic test

59
Q

what is an informal evaluation?

A

informal evaluation is a typically non-systematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion
or attitude.

60
Q

JUST THINK:

What tools of assessment could be used to evaluate a student’s social skills?

A

OPEN ENDED

61
Q

what are the tools of psychological assessment?

A

the test
the interview
the portfolio
behavioral observation/naturalistic observation

62
Q

JUST THINK:

What kinds of issues do psychologists have to consider when assessing prisoners in contrast to assessing workplace managers?

A

open ended?

63
Q

what is an example of assessment in a clinical setting?

A

A school psychologist clinically evaluates a child experiencing learning difficulties to determine what factors are primarily responsible for it.

64
Q

what is the hallmark of testing in a clinical setting?

A

The hallmark of testing in clinical settings is that the test or measurement technique is employed with only one individual at a time

65
Q

JUST THINK:

Tests are used in geriatrics, counseling, and other settings to help improve quality of life.

But are there some aspects of quality of life that a psychological test just can’t measure?

A

open ended

66
Q

how is assessment used in a counseling context?

A

assessment is used for the improvement of the assessee in terms of adjustment, productivity, or some related variable

67
Q

what is dementia?

A

Dementia is a loss of cognitive functioning (which may affect memory, thinking, reasoning, psychomotor speed, attention, and related abilities, as well as personality) that occurs as the result of damage to or loss of brain
cells

68
Q

JUST THINK:

What research question would you like to see studied?

What tools of assessment might be used in that research?

A

hmmmmm maybe something related to willingness to accept accountability

69
Q

this discipline focuses on
understanding the role of psychological variables in the onset, course, treatment, and prevention of illness, disease, and disability (Cohen, 1994)

A

health psychology

70
Q

this term refers to the form, sheet, or booklet on which a testtaker’s responses are entered

may also be used to refer to a description of a set of test- or assessment-related procedures,
as in the sentence, “The examiner dutifully followed the complete ______ for the stress interview.”

A

protocol

70
Q

JUST THINK:

What unforeseen incidents could
conceivably occur during a test session?

Should such incidents be noted on the
report of that session?

A

open ended

70
Q

this may be defined as a working relationship between the examiner and the examinee

A

rapport

70
Q

JUST THINK:

Are there some types of assessments for which no alternate assessment procedure should be developed?

A

mmmmm not sure

70
Q

in the context of psychological testing an assessment, what does accommodation mean?

A

accommodation is defined
as the adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs.

70
Q

this term refers to an evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is
derived, either by virtue of some special accommodation made
to the assessee or by means of alternative methods designed to
measure the same variable(s)

A

alternate assessment

Psychological Testing & Assessment (3 decks)

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