Chapter 1 Flashcards
educational testing tells us how much a person has learned whereas psychological assessment tells us?
psychological assessment tells us what can be learned about a person
what was the original intent of the Stanford-Binet test?
to identify intellectually disabled children who needed additional help
what is the difference between assessment and testing?
assessment acknowledges that tests are only one type of tool used by professional assessors (along with other tools, such as the interview) and that the value of a test, or of any other
tool of assessment is intimately linked to the knowledge, skill, and experience of the assessor while testing is the process of measuring variables by means designed to obtain a sample of behavior.
this term refers to the gathering and integration of psychology-related
data for the purpose of making a psychological evaluation that is accomplished through the use of
tools such as tests, interviews, case studies, behavioral observation, and specially designed apparatuses
and measurement procedures.
psychological assessment
this term refers to the process of measuring psychology-related variables by means of devices or procedures designed to obtain a sample of behavior
psychological testing
does conducting an assessment require greater skill than administering a test?
yeah, conducting an assessment
requires greater education, training, and skill than simply administering a test.
what does educational assessment refer to? broadly speaking
educational assessment refers to, broadly speaking, the use of tests and other tools to evaluate abilities and skills relevant to success or failure in a school or pre-school context
this term refers to the use of evaluative tools to draw conclusions about psychological aspects of a person as they existed at some point in time prior to the assessment
retrospective assessment
this term refers to to the use
of tools of psychological evaluation to gather data and draw conclusions about a subject who is not in physical proximity to the person or people conducting the evaluation
remote assessment
what is ecological momentary assessment?
ecological momentary assessment refers to the “in the moment” evaluation of specific problems and related cognitive and behavioral
variables at the exact time and place that they occur
what should the assessor do when facing a relatively novel assessment situation?
the tool selection process is informed by some research in preparation for
the assessment.
Example: in the assessment of leadership, the tool selection procedure might be informed by reviewing publications dealing with behavioral studies of leadership, psychological studies of leaders, and/or cultural issues in leadership
what happens in collaborative psychological assessment?
in CPA, the assessor and assessee may work as “partners” from initial contact through final feedback.
The assessment provider encourages collaboration by asking questions like, “After this assessment is finished, what would you like to know that you do not know already?”
what happens in therapeutic psychological assessment?
this type of assessment aims to be helpful throughout the assessment process.
the results are not revealed at the end, but shared immediately so that both the assessor and the assessee can co-develop an interpretation of the results and decide what questions require further assessment
what does dynamic assessment refer to?
dynamic assessment refers to an interactive approach that usually follows a model of
- Evaluation
- Intervention of some sort
- Evaluation
this is defined simply as a measuring device or procedure
a test
this term refers to a device or procedure designed to measure variables related to psychology (such as intelligence, personality, aptitude, interests, attitudes, or values)
psychological test
this term pertains to the form, plan, structure, arrangement, and layout of test items as well as to related
considerations such as time limits
format
this term refers to a code or summary statement, usually but not necessarily numerical in nature, that reflects an
evaluation of performance on a test, task, interview, or some other sample of behavior
score
this term refers to the process of assigning such evaluative codes or statements to performance on
tests, tasks, interviews, or other behavior samples
scoring
what is a cut score?
a cut score (also referred to as a cutoff score or simply a cutoff) is a reference point, usually numerical, derived by judgment and used to divide a set of
data into two or more classifications
what is psychometric soundness?
psychometric soundness refers to whether the tests demonstrate sufficient levels of reliability and validity for ethical use with clients.
this is defined as the science of psychological measurement?
psychometrics
this term refers to the usefulness or practical value that a test or other tool of assessment has for a particular purpose
utility
what is an interview?
an interview is a method of gathering
information through direct communication involving reciprocal exchange.
what is a panel interview?
a panel interview is an assessment with more than one interviewer participating
this type of interviewing may be defined as a therapeutic dialogue that combines person-centered listening skills such as openness and
empathy, with the use of cognition-altering techniques designed to positively affect motivation and effect therapeutic change
motivational interviewing
JUST THINK:
What types of interviewing skills must the host of a talk show possess to be considered an effective interviewer?
Do these skills differ from those needed by a professional in the
field of psychological assessment? If so, how?
yeah so real i think
what is a portfolio?
a portfolio is a summary of files of an individual’s work products on any type of medium and can serve as a tool of evaluation
this term refers to records, transcripts, and other accounts in written, pictorial, or other form that preserve archival information, official and informal accounts, and other data and items relevant to an assessee
case history data
how is case history data useful for assessment?
case history data can shed light on an individual’s past and current
adjustment as well as on the events and circumstances that may have contributed to any changes
in adjustment
School psychologists rely on case history data for insight into a student’s current academic or behavioral standing
this very familiar term refers to a report or illustrative account concerning a person or
an event that was compiled on the basis of case history data
case study
JUST THINK:
What are the pros and cons of using case history data as a tool of assessment?
maybe, open ended question bruh
this term refers to the monitoring the actions of others or oneself by visual or electronic means while recording
quantitative and/or qualitative information regarding those actions
is often used as a diagnostic aid in various settings such as inpatient facilities, behavioral research
laboratories, and classrooms
behavioral observation
what is naturalistic observation?
rather than observing behavior in a confined laboratory setting, researchers observe in a natural setting which is a setting where the behavior is typically expected to occur
this term is defined as acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation
role play
what is a role-play test?
A role-play test is a tool of assessment wherein assessees are directed to act as if they were in a particular situation
what is local processing?
local processing is done when scoring is done on-site
what is central prcoessing?
central processing is done when scoring is conducted at a central location
what is teleprocessing?
teleprocessing is done when test-related data may be sent to and returned from a central facility by means of internet or phone lines or mail
what is an interpretive report?
an interpretive report is distinguished by its inclusion of numerical or narrative interpretive statements
what is a consultative report?
this type of report, usually written in language appropriate for communication between assessment
professionals, may provide expert opinion concerning analysis of the data
what is integrative report?
this type of report employs previously collected data into the test report
what is an extended scoring report?
this report includes statistical analyses of the testtaker’s performance
what is CAT?
CAT refers to computer adaptive testing which is a reference to the computer’s ability to tailor the test to the testtaker’s ability or test-taking pattern (brainscapes noh?)
what is CAPA
CAPA refers to the term computer-assisted psychological assessment
In this case, the word assisted typically refers to the assistance computers provide to the test user, not the testtaker.
One specific brand of CAPA, for example, is Q-Interactive. Available from Pearson Assessments, this technology allows test users to administer tests by means of two iPads connected by bluetooth (one for the test administrator and one for the testtaker).
Test administrators may record testtakers’ verbal responses and may make written notes using a stylus with the iPad.
Scoring is immediate.
who are the parties involved in the assessment enterprise
- the test developer
- the test user
- the test-taker
- society
this term refers to the basis of archival records, artifacts, and interviews previously conducted with the deceased assessee or people who knew the person well
For example, using psychological autopsies, Townsend (2007) explored the question of whether suicide terrorists were indeed suicidal from a classical psychological perspective. She concluded that they were not
psychological autopsy
what is a diagnosis?
a diagnosis may be defined as a description or conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and opinion
this term refers to a tool of assessment used to help narrow down and identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention
diagnostic test
what is an informal evaluation?
informal evaluation is a typically non-systematic assessment that leads to the formation of an opinion
or attitude.
what are the tools of psychological assessment?
- the test
- the interview
- the portfolio
- behavioral observation/naturalistic observation
- case history data
- role play tests
- computers
what is an example of assessment in a clinical setting?
A school psychologist clinically evaluates a child experiencing learning difficulties to determine what factors are primarily responsible for it.
what is the hallmark of testing in a clinical setting?
The hallmark of testing in clinical settings is that the test or measurement technique is employed with only one individual at a time
how is assessment used in a counseling context?
assessment is used for the improvement of the assessee in terms of adjustment, productivity, or some related variable
what is dementia?
Dementia is a loss of cognitive functioning (which may affect memory, thinking, reasoning, psychomotor speed, attention, and related abilities, as well as personality) that occurs as the result of damage to or loss of brain cells
this discipline focuses on
understanding the role of psychological variables in the onset, course, treatment, and prevention of illness, disease, and disability (Cohen, 1994)
health psychology
this term refers to the form, sheet, or booklet on which a test taker’s responses are entered
may also be used to refer to a description of a set of test- or assessment-related procedures,
as in the sentence, “The examiner dutifully followed the complete ______ for the stress interview.”
protocol
this may be defined as a working relationship between the examiner and the examinee
rapport
this term refers to an evaluative or diagnostic procedure or process that varies from the usual, customary, or standardized way a measurement is
derived, either by virtue of some special accommodation made
to the assessee or by means of alternative methods designed to
measure the same variable(s)
alternate assessment
what are some reference sources for tests?
- test catalogues
- test manuals
- reference volumes
- journal articles
- online database
- other sources (library, public directories)
what are the rights of test takers
- the right to informed consent
- the right to be informed of test findings
- the right to privacy and confidentiality
this term is defined
as the adaptation of a test, procedure, or situation, or the substitution of one test for another, to make the assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs
accommodation
