Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is clinical psychology?
Area of study seeking to understand and treat mental illness
What is cognitive psychology?
Aims to understand basic processes that are the foundation of mental health/behavior
What is cultural psychology?
Studies how cultural factors (geography, national beliefs, religion, etc.) affect behavior
What is developmental psychology?
Studies how humans grow and develop from prenatal period through adolescence, young adulthood, old age
What is health psychology?
Studies how psychological processes influence physical health and vice versa
What is industrial psychology?
Explores how psychological processes play out in the workplace
What is relationship psychology?
Research on our intimate relationships, how they succeed/fail and how they affect other aspects of our lives
What is social psychology?
The study of everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Replicability
The goal that the results of the study would be the same or similar if the study was ran again
Open Science Movement
A social movement among scientists emphasizing research transparency and data accessibility
Biological level of analysis
How the physical body contributes to mind and behavior
Individual level of analysis
Individual differences in personality that affect how people perceive the world
Social level of analysis
How group contexts affect the way people interact with one another
Cultural level of analysis
Thoughts, actions and behaviors in different societies and cultural groups
Distributed practice
Learning material in bursts over a long period of time
Retrieval/Testing
Repeatedly recalling content from memory
Interleaved Practice
Switching between topics while studying instead of finishing one topic and moving on to the next
Structuralism
-Wilhelm Wundt, late 1800s Germany
-Relied on introspection-requires one to describe the basic elements of experience as if you were a baby with no knowledge
-E.g. Hershey’s kiss described as sweet, soft, melts in the mouth
Functionalism
-William James, late 1800s, US
-Suggests that the mind’s primary purpose is to help humans adapt to their environment
-What does it do rather than what is it made of
Gestalt
-Max Wertheimer, 1900s, Germany
-You can’t break certain experiences down into basic elements because a conscious experience is more than basic sensory components
Psychoanalytic
-Sigmund Freud, 1900s, Vienna
-Behavior is determined by unconscious drives
-Dream analysis to uncover unconscious desires and conflicts
Behaviorism
-John Watson, Ivan Parlov, 1930s-50s
-Do pigeons have a complex mind?
-Since the mind is invisible, we can only infer things about the mind–shouldn’t be studying the mind at all
-“Tabula Rasa”: We are all born blank slates, personality develops from learning history
Humanistic
-Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, 1940s-60s
-Everyone can develop to their full potential
Focuses on a person’s present more than their past and potential for personal growth
Cognitive Revolution
-George Miller, Harvard, 1957
-Though thinking should best be studied as information processing
-Kurt Lewin: We must understand individual AND social pressures ppl are in to fully predict behavior
-B=f(P,E)
Interacitonism
Incorporating multiple schools of psychological thought to explain/explore the mind
