Chapter 1

Question 1

What is clinical psychology?

Answer 1

Area of study seeking to understand and treat mental illness

Question 2

What is cognitive psychology?

Answer 2

Aims to understand basic processes that are the foundation of mental health/behavior

Question 3

What is cultural psychology?

Answer 3

Studies how cultural factors (geography, national beliefs, religion, etc.) affect behavior

Question 4

What is developmental psychology?

Answer 4

Studies how humans grow and develop from prenatal period through adolescence, young adulthood, old age

Question 5

What is health psychology?

Answer 5

Studies how psychological processes influence physical health and vice versa

Question 6

What is industrial psychology?

Answer 6

Explores how psychological processes play out in the workplace

Question 7

What is relationship psychology?

Answer 7

Research on our intimate relationships, how they succeed/fail and how they affect other aspects of our lives

Question 8

What is social psychology?

Answer 8

The study of everyday thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 9

Replicability

Answer 9

The goal that the results of the study would be the same or similar if the study was ran again

Question 10

Open Science Movement

Answer 10

A social movement among scientists emphasizing research transparency and data accessibility

Question 11

Biological level of analysis

Answer 11

How the physical body contributes to mind and behavior

Question 12

Individual level of analysis

Answer 12

Individual differences in personality that affect how people perceive the world

Question 13

Social level of analysis

Answer 13

How group contexts affect the way people interact with one another

Question 14

Cultural level of analysis

Answer 14

Thoughts, actions and behaviors in different societies and cultural groups

Question 15

Distributed practice

Answer 15

Learning material in bursts over a long period of time

Question 16

Retrieval/Testing

Answer 16

Repeatedly recalling content from memory

Question 17

Interleaved Practice

Answer 17

Switching between topics while studying instead of finishing one topic and moving on to the next

Question 18

Structuralism

Answer 18

-Wilhelm Wundt, late 1800s Germany
-Relied on introspection-requires one to describe the basic elements of experience as if you were a baby with no knowledge
-E.g. Hershey’s kiss described as sweet, soft, melts in the mouth

Question 19

Functionalism

Answer 19

-William James, late 1800s, US
-Suggests that the mind’s primary purpose is to help humans adapt to their environment
-What does it do rather than what is it made of

Question 20

Gestalt

Answer 20

-Max Wertheimer, 1900s, Germany
-You can’t break certain experiences down into basic elements because a conscious experience is more than basic sensory components

Question 21

Psychoanalytic

Answer 21

-Sigmund Freud, 1900s, Vienna
-Behavior is determined by unconscious drives
-Dream analysis to uncover unconscious desires and conflicts

Question 22

Behaviorism

Answer 22

-John Watson, Ivan Parlov, 1930s-50s
-Do pigeons have a complex mind?
-Since the mind is invisible, we can only infer things about the mind–shouldn’t be studying the mind at all
-“Tabula Rasa”: We are all born blank slates, personality develops from learning history

Question 23

Humanistic

Answer 23

-Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, 1940s-60s
-Everyone can develop to their full potential
Focuses on a person’s present more than their past and potential for personal growth

Question 24

Cognitive Revolution

Answer 24

-George Miller, Harvard, 1957
-Though thinking should best be studied as information processing
-Kurt Lewin: We must understand individual AND social pressures ppl are in to fully predict behavior
-B=f(P,E)

Question 25

Interacitonism

Answer 25

Incorporating multiple schools of psychological thought to explain/explore the mind