chapter 1

Question 1

define psychology

Answer 1

broadly defined as the study of behaviour and mental processes

Question 2

schools of thought/perspectives

Answer 2

people trying to explain observations about the human mind and behaviour

Question 3

Three early traditions

Answer 3

structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis

Question 4

structuralism

Answer 4

study of the structure of immediate experience (parts of mind, elements of consciousness)

Question 5

structuralists

Answer 5

• emphasizes the what
• identify underlying structure of mind
• used introspection
• first empirical approach to psych

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

examination of thoughts and feelings about sensory experiences

Question 7

Empirical approach

Answer 7

relied on evidence gathered by experimentation, observation, and measurement

Question 8

functionalists

Answer 8

studied questions like how and why the mind works
- William James, wrote principles of psychology

Question 9

psychoanalytic psychology

Answer 9

• sigmund Freud
• proposed that unconscious mental processes direct behaviour

Question 10

psychoanalytic contributions

Answer 10

• treatment for psych disorders
• popular culture

Question 11

functionalists contributions

Answer 11

• treatments for mood and anxiety disorders
• exercise to reduce anxiety and depression

Question 12

5 contemporary perspectives

Answer 12

psychodynamic, behavioural, cognitive, sociocultural, biological

Question 13

psychodynamic theorists

Answer 13

• continued to expand Freud’s ideas
• inner and interpersonal dynamics

Question 14

what is behaviourism

Answer 14

• concerned with how environment and experiences influence actions
• relations between stimuli and responses
• founded by John Watson
• rejected study of content of consciousness
• only what is observable

Question 15

Behaviourism contributions

Answer 15

• changed definition of psych
• important applications

Question 16

cognitive psychology

Answer 16

• humans engage in behaviour because of ideas and thoughts
• perception, memory, thinking

Question 17

cognitive contributions

Answer 17

• development of AI
• biases in human reasoning

Question 18

social psychology

Answer 18

take the sociocultural perspective are interested in social and cultural differences in behaviour

Question 19

social psych contributions

Answer 19

• group influences on behaviour
• culture-biased assumptions

Question 20

biological psychology

Answer 20

• behaviour and psychology intact in important ways
• effect of genes on intelligence

Question 21

biological psych contributions

Answer 21

correlation between brain metabolism and though process

Question 22

contemporary critical movements in psychology

Answer 22

• humanistic psychology and positive psychology
• feminist psychology
• indigenous criticism

Question 23

humanistic psychology

Answer 23

• carl rogers and Abraham Maslow
  -emphasizes everyones unique experiences

Question 24

humanistic psych contributions

Answer 24

• client centred therapy
• positive psychology

Question 25

feminist psychology

Answer 25

• movement in 1970s
• influence of social inequities on gender relations and male and female behviour

Question 26

feminist research case

Answer 26

• carol Gilligan critiqued Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral reasoning
• female reasoning is based on different values

Question 27

feminist psych contributions

Answer 27

• more critical perspective
• sampling bias and generalizability

Question 28

post colonialism

Answer 28

• critical analysis of the legacy of colonialism
• developed in response to Feminism

Question 29

colonialism

Answer 29

policies relating to the establishment of colonies in one region