chapter 1 Flashcards
exam 1
in this form of knowing, we consider something true because of tradition or because someone we trust or look up to says it’s true
authority
this form of knowing uses syllogisms
- all men are mortal
-socrates is a man
-therefore, socrates is mortal
rationalism
“instinctive knowing”
-information suddenly springing into your consciousness
intuition
relies on objective assessment, particularly experiments. key components are hypothesis testing and replication.
-this method of knowing is the:
scientific method
complete set of individuals in which the investigator is interested, e.g., college students
population
a property or characteristic, such as height, that can take on a number of values
variable
you randomly assign students to one of two groups- correct answers reinforced with candy, and correct answers not reinforced with candy- and calculate the number of correct answers in each group. the independent variable in this example is:
whether the candy was used as a reinforcement
subset of the population from whom data are collected, e.g., PSY 230 students
sample
you randomly assign students to one of two groups- correct answers reinforced with candy, and correct answers not reinforced with candy- and calculate the number of correct answers in each group. the dependent variable in this example is:
the number of correct answers
a _________ quantifies a characteristic of a population
parameter
a _________ is to a sample as a parameter is to a population
statistic
type of research which explores, and is capable of establishing, causality
true experiment
three characteristics of a true experiment
-random assignment
-manipulation of IV
-measurement of DV
-control of other variables
type of research which explores whether an association exists between variables
correlation research
facilitates obtaining a representative sample of the population
allows the laws of probability to be applied to statistical analyses
random sampling
