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Medical Entomology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Taxonomal Hierarchy of Mosquito

A

Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae
Genus: Aedes

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2
Q

3 subfamilies under Culicidae

A

Toxorhynchitinae
Anophelinae
Culicinae

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3
Q

Anopheles species are vectors of what disease?

A

Filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi)

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4
Q

Aedes species are important vectors of what diseases?

A

yellow fever
dengue
west nile virus
.. other arbovirus

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5
Q

Mansonia species transmit what diseases?

A

Brugia malayi
and sometimes Wuchereria bancrofti

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6
Q

what mosquitos are vectors of yellow fever?

A

Haemogogus and Sabethes

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7
Q

body is divided into three. what are those?

A

head, body, thorax

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8
Q

between eyes are a pair of?

A

filamentous and segmented antennae

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9
Q

this is represented by pair of small, knob-like halteres

A

hind-wings

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10
Q

female antennae?

A

pilose

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11
Q

male antennae?

A

plumose

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12
Q

whorls of shorter hairs of female antennae is called?

A

pilose

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13
Q

many long hairs, appearing feathery for male antennae?

A

plumose

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14
Q

below the antennae is a pair of

A

palps

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15
Q

arises between the palp; contains piercing mouthparts

A

proboscis

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16
Q

scales on the wings are usually colored?

A

brown, black, white, or yellowish

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17
Q

scales on the legs are usually in patterns and colored?

A

brown, black, or white

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18
Q

how many segments does an abdomen have?

A

10; but only first 7 or 8 are visible

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19
Q

difference of mosquitoes in the subfamily Culicinae and Anophelinae in its abdomen

A

Culicinae - abdomen is covered with scales dorsally and ventrally, whereas
Anophelinae - abdomen is almost, or entirely devoid (no) scales

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20
Q

difference of Anophelinae abdomen to male and female mosquitoes

A

female - last abdominal segment terminates in a pair of small finger-like cerci, whereas,
male - a pair of prominent claspers, comprises the part of the male external genitalia

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21
Q

difference of unfed mosquitoes (male) to newly fed (female)

A

unfed mosquitoes - male; thin and slender
newly-fed mosquitoes -female; greatly distended and resembles and oval red balloon

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22
Q

mouthparts are collectively known ad

A

proboscis

23
Q

largest component of the mouthpart that is long and flexible, gutter-shaped, terminating the labella

A

labium

24
Q

pair of small flap-like structures in the mouth

A

labella

25
Q

mouth part that encircle all other components and serve as a protective sheathe

A

labium

26
Q

mouth part that is slender, pointed, and is responsible for piercing through the host

A

labrum

27
Q

single toothed hollow stylet in the mouthpart

A

hypopharynx

28
Q

located between upper and lower labium is a five needle-like structure called

A

toothed maxillae

29
Q

usually lack teeth in the mouth part

A

upper pair of mandibles

30
Q

saliva comes from a pair of trilobed salivary glands, located ventrally in the anterior part of ?

A

thorax

31
Q

saliva contains what enzyme

A

antihaemostatic enzymes

32
Q

what does the enzyme in saliva produces, and what is its function?

A

antihaemostatic enzyme produces haematomas in the skin and functions to facilitate the uptake of the blood

33
Q

what does haematomas contain, and what is its function?

A

anticoagulants to prevent clotting of blood and obstructing the mouthparts is it is sucked up

34
Q

where do sperm from male enters the female?

A

spermotheca

35
Q

the process of a female mosquito biting a host and taking a blood-meal to obtain necessary nutrients for egg development is referred to as

A

anautogenous development

36
Q

a rare occurrence wherein a few species can develop the first batch of eggs without a blood-meal is referred to as

A

autogenouse development

37
Q

blood digestion in tropical species takes how many days?

A

2-3 days only

38
Q

blood digestion in colder temperate countries takes how many days?

A

7-14 days

39
Q

when is mosquito referred to as being half-gravid?

A

when blood is digested and the white eggs in the ovary enlarges, and the abdomen becomes whitish posteriorly and dark reddish anteriorly

40
Q

when will a female mosquito be referred to as gravid?

A

if blood is fully digested and the abdomen becomes dilated and whitish due to formation of fully developed eggs

41
Q

after the female mosquito becomes gravid, what will happen?

A

she searches for suitable larval habitats in which she lay her eggs

42
Q

after oviposition, what will the female mosquito do?

A

takes another blood-meal and after few (2-3 in tropics, 7-14 in colder temp) days, further batch of eggs is matured

43
Q

the process of blood-feeding, egg maturation, oviposition, and repetition of such, from female mosquitoes, is referred to as?

A

gonotrophic cycle

44
Q

depending on species, how many eggs does a female mosquito lay in one oviposition?

A

3-0-300 eggs

45
Q

egg shape of Culicinae spp.

A

elongate or approximately ovoid in shape

46
Q

egg shape of Mansonia spp

A

terminal filament

47
Q

egg shape of Anophelinae spp

A

boat-shaped

48
Q

where do Anopheles spp lay their eggs?

A

directly on water surface

49
Q

where do Culex spp lay their eggs?

A

vertically in several rows held together by surface tension to form and egg raft which floats on the water; directly on water surface same Anopheles spp

50
Q

where do Mansonia spp lay their eggs?

A

in a sticky mass glued to the underside of floating plants

51
Q

what genera of mosquitoes do not lay their eggs on water surface?

A

genera Aedes, Psorophora, and Haemogogus

52
Q

eggs of what genera can withstand desiccation?

A

genera Aedes, Psorophora, and Haemogogus

53
Q

define state of diapause

A

not hatching until some specific environment stimulus such as a change in daylength and/or temperature breaks diapause and the egg hatch

54
Q
A

Medical Entomology (3 decks)

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