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(1) VPATH > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

1
Q
  • deals with the diagnosis of disease by laboratory means
  • It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings. It is applied in both animals and humans.
A

Clinical Pathology

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2
Q

It supports the diagnosis of disease using laboratory testing of blood and other bodily fluids, tissues, and microscopic evaluation of individual cells.

A

Clinical pathology

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3
Q

Enumerate yhe Basic Clinical Pathology Laboratory
Equipment:

A
  1. Microscope (conventional light microscope)
  2. Microhematocrit centrifuge (capable of 12,000 rpm)
  3. Standard clinical centrifuge
  4. Refractometer
  5. Differential counter
  6. Hand tally
  7. Interval timer
  8. Hemocytometer
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4
Q

Chemicals, drugs and other materials

A
  1. Red and White cells diluting fluid.
  2. Blood stains; Giemsa’s or Wright’s
  3. Gram’s Stain (complete i.e., V.I.A.S.)
  4. Biochemical analyses kits (commercial)
  5. Preparations for determinations of proteins,
    glucose, blood,bilirubin.
  6. Zinc sulfate, NaCl or sugar for parasite flotation test.
  7. A. Fixatives: formalin (10% buffered)
    B. Anticoagulants; EDTA, double oxalates,Alsever’s
    solution
    C. Distilled water
    D. Oil Immersion
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5
Q

Example of Blood stains

A

Giemsa’s or Wright’s

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6
Q

Example of Gram’s Stain

A

(V.I.A.S.)
1. Crystal Violet
2. Iodine
3. Alcohol Decolouriser
4. Safranin

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7
Q

Example of Fixatives

A

formalin (10% buffered)

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8
Q

Example of Anticoagulants

A

EDTA
double oxalates
Alsever’s solution

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9
Q

The most commonly used site in the horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel
and large wild mammals: used occasionally in small animals

A

Jugular vein

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10
Q

Jugular vein: The most commonly used site in what animals?

A

horse, cattle, sheep, goat, camel
and large wild mammals: occasionally in small animals

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11
Q

Cephalic vein - The most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in what animal?

A

dog

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12
Q

The most commonly used site for collection of small amount of blood in the dog. By constricting the area on the
dorsal aspects of the fore limb at the level of the elbow which can be raised beginning just above the carpal vein.

A

Cephalic vein

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13
Q

can be used in small dog, pig, cat and small lab animals (small dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and monkey). A marginal vein
on the dorsal side of the ear is selected

A

Ear vein

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14
Q

Ear vein- can be used in what animals?

A

small dog, pig, cat and small lab animals (small dog, rabbit, guinea pig, and monkey)

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15
Q

In ear vein, this type of vein is used for blood collection located
on the dorsal side of the ear is selected

A

marginal vein

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16
Q

can be used in small dog, puppy, guinea pig etc

A

Toe or Toe nail

17
Q

Toe or Toe nail – can be used in what animals

A

small dog, puppy, guinea pig

18
Q

How many drops of blood should be collected in the toe or toe nail?

A

Take 20-40 drops as well as 80 drops (4ml) of blood

19
Q

can be used in pig, cattle, sheep, rat, and mouse

A

Tail

20
Q

Tail – can be used in what animals?

A

pig, cattle, sheep, rat, and mouse

21
Q

In the tail, the coccygeal vein on the ventral side is use

A

Venipuncture

22
Q

In the tail, it is commonest method used in the rat and mouse

A

Amputation

23
Q

Heart – may be used in animals like?

A

bird, fish

24
Q

Femoral or Tibial vessels – used in?

A

dog, cat, small mammals, rat

25
Q

used for dairy cattle

A

Mammary vein

26
Q

used for the pig

A

Anterior vena cava

27
Q

Retro orbital Venus plexus – used in animals like?

A

for the rat, mouse, guinea pig

28
Q

A best method for obtaining a large quantity of blood (1ml) in mouse

A

Retro orbital Venus plexus

29
Q

This technique is reported to be less traumatic than others

A

Retro orbital Venus plexus

30
Q

used for birds

A

alar vein

31
Q

are for tests requiring clotted blood

A

Red-stopper tubes

32
Q

contain EDTA in concentrated liquid or desiccated powderform

A

Lavender stopper tubes

33
Q

contain heparin and are used for blood gases, PH, (CO2, O2)….

A

Green stopper tubes –

34
Q

– contain oxalates, fluorides, or citrates

A

Gray stopper tubes

35
Q

– available with Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) solution or physiologicalsaline

A

Yellow stopper tubes

(1) VPATH (4 decks)

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