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Clinical Lab Science Lecture > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical laboratory testing plays a crucial role in-

A

Detection, diagnosis, & treatment of disease

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2
Q

After collecting & examining a specimen, lab professionals-

A

Analyze & communicate results to physicians or other primary care providers

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3
Q

ASCP stands for-

A

American Society for Clinical Pathology

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4
Q

ASCP created-

A

Board of Registry (BOR)

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5
Q

The Board Of Registry (BOR) is now known as-

A

Board Of Certification (BOC)

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6
Q

When did BOR become BOC?

A

1928

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7
Q

What does BOC do?

A

Certify lab professionals

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8
Q

An individual who passed the BOR’s registry exam was referred to as-

A

A medical technologist

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9
Q

What is the acronym for a medical technologist?

A

MT (ASCP)

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10
Q

When was the American Society of Clinical Laboratory Technicians formed?

A

1933

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11
Q

What is the American Society of Clinical Lab Technicians now known as?

A

American Society for Clinical Lab Science (ASCLS)

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12
Q

When did new categories of lab professionals join generalist medical technologists in performing daily work of the clinical laboratory?

A

During the 1960s

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13
Q

The category of MLT was developed as-

A

A 2-year associates degree program

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14
Q

What specialty categories were created? (5)

A

-chemistry
-microbiology
-hematology
-immunology
-blood banking

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15
Q

Additional certifications available- (5)

A

-phlebotomy
-cytotechnology
-histotechnology
-lab safety
-molecular pathology/biology

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16
Q

When did lab professionals gain professional recognition?

A

September 2009

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17
Q

Generalists are now referred to as-

A

Medical Lab Scientists (MLS)

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18
Q

Similar technician-level designation continued to be designated as-

A

Medical Lab Technicians (MLTs)

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19
Q

Appropriate professional credentialing-

A

MLS (ASCP) & MLT (ASCP)

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20
Q

Continuing education is now a requirement for-

A

Certified professionals to maintain certification

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21
Q

Another category of specialty certification-

A

Pathologists’ Assistant

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22
Q

MLAs are critically important to-

A

Medical field & lab science

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23
Q

MLAs play an important role in-

A

Helping lab tests get processed

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24
Q

It is important that the lab serves to educate-

A

The physician & other healthcare providers

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25
Why is it important that the lab serves to educate the physician & other healthcare providers?
So info available through the reported test results can be used appropriately
26
When tests are being ordered, the clinical lab should- (4)
-Assume a role of leadership & education in assisting the phlebotomist to understand -serve the best interest of the patient -improve the clinical decision-making for physicians -consider the costs involved
27
When the results of these tests are used appropriately, clinical decision making will be improved in the context of-
-patient’s clinical case -physical examination findings -medical history
28
Most clinical labs are operated under-
The direction of a pathologist or PhD
29
A lab has a supervisor/manager who is responsible for-
The technical aspects of managing the lab
30
A business manager may be hired to-
Handle administrative details
31
Administrative techs, regardless of the job title, is ensuring-
That all federal, state, & local regulatory mandates are being followed by the lab
32
The responsibilities of MLSs & MLTs vary, but may include- (3)
-performing some of the same lab assays -supervising other staff -teaching
33
Because of in-depth knowledge of technical aspects, principles of methodology & instrumentation used for various lab assays, lab professionals are-
Able to interpret & correlate data
34
MLSs & MLTs collect blood in-
Smaller facilities
35
Phlebotomists collect blood specimens in-
Large hospitals
36
CLIA stands for-
Clinical Lab Improvement Amendments
37
The goal of CLIA-
To ensure that lab results reported are high quality regardless of where testing is done (small labs, physician’s office, large reference lab, or patient’s home)
38
CLIA defines responsibilities of-
Persons working in each testing site where tests of moderate/high complexity are done
39
There are no CLIA regulations for-
Testing personnel who work at sites performing only waived tests
40
For tests of high complex category, personnel requirements are-
More stringent
41
Tests performed by the lab- (4)
-waived tests -moderately complex tests -highly complex tests -provider-performed microscopy (PPM)
42
Criteria for classification include- (5)
-risk of harm to patient -risk of erroneous result -type of testing method used -degree of independent judgement & interpretation needed -availability of particular test in question for home use
43
Waived test is defined as-
Those cleared by the US FDA for home use
44
Tests cleared by the US FDA for home use employ-
Methodologies unlikely to cause erroneous results & pose no reasonable risk of harm to the patient if the test is performed incorrectly
45
Waive tests include- (2)
-Dipstick urinalysis -blood glucose
46
The organization of a particular clinic lab depends on- (3)
-its size -number of tests done -facilities available
47
Larger labs tend to be-
Decompartmentalized; a separate area is designated for each of the various divisions
48
The current trend is to have more “open” design or a core lab where-
Hematology, urinalysis, hemostasis/coagulation, & clinical chemistry share workspace
49
Cross training is important in-
A core lab model
50
Other specialized divisions present in large labs- (3)
-cytogenetic -toxicology -flow cytometry
51
A working clinical lab is traditionally organized into several major scientific disciplines-
-Blood banking/transfusion medicine -clinical chemistry -hematology & hemostasis -immunology & serology -microbiology -urinalysis
52
Core lab configuration combines- (3)
-hematology -hemostais & blood coagulation -clinical chemistry
53
Each specialty department focuses on-
A different area of lab medicine
54
3 primary accrediting organizations-
-Commission on Office Lab Accreditation (COLA) -College of American Pathologists (CAP) -The Joint Commission (TJC)
55
COLA helps labs-
Stay in compliance with the new CLIA regulations
56
Cap is an internationally recognized program & the only one of its kind that-
Uses teams of practicing lab professionals as inspectors
57
TJC has been evaluating & accrediting hospital lab services since-
1979
58
TJC has been evaluating & accrediting free-standing labs since-
1995
59
POCT is the decentralization of testing away from the traditional lab setting can greatly increase-
The interaction of lab personnel with patients & members of the healthcare team
60
Informed consent-
The patient is aware of, understands, & agrees to the nature of testing to be done & what will be done with the results reported
61
Implied consent-
When a patient enters the hospital to the many routine procedures that will be performed while the patient is there
62
Ex. of a test that carries implied consent
Venipuncture
63
Patients must sign specific consent for more complex procedures, such as- (4)
-bone marrow aspiration -lumbar puncture for collection of cerebrospinal fluid -fine-needle biopsy -non urgent transfusion of blood or its components
64
Patients should be given sufficient info about-
The reasons why the informed consent is needed & must be given the opportunity to ask questions
65
When should a guardian’s consent be obtained? (5)
-when the patient is a minor -legally not competent -physically unable to write -hearing impaired -doesn’t speak English as the first language
66
Any results obtained for specimens from patients must be kept-
Strictly confidential
67
HIPAA-
Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act
68
HIPAA requires-
Any info about the patient including the measurements being done, must also be kept in confidence
69
The only person who should have access to info about a patient-
Authorized personnel
70
Any release of patients info to non-health care persons can be done only when-
Authorized by the patient
71
Communications from LIS should meet-
HIPAA compliances for encryption & methodology
72
HIPAA rules apply to any health info that can be linked to the patient by- (4)
-name -social security number -employee number -hospital ID number
73
A new final rule by CMS grants patients direct access to-
Their lab results
74
The new final rule doesn’t require-
That labs interpret test results for patients
75
Labs may continue to refer patients with questions about tests results to-
Their ordering or treating health care provider
76
Required when specimens are involved in possible medicolegal situations-
Certain specimen-handling policies
77
Maintaining the chain of custody-
For evidence to be admissible, the moment the specimen is collected & transported to the lab, to the analysis itself, & the reporting of the results must be documented
78
Personal ethics are based on-
Values or ideas & customs that are held in high regard by an individual or group of people
79
Ethics also encompasses the principles of conduct of-
A group or individuals, such as professional ethics
80
ASCLS endorses a professional code of ethics which states-
All lab professionals have a responsibility for proper conduct toward the patient, their colleagues, * the profession & the society

Clinical Lab Science Lecture (10 decks)

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