Chapter 1

Question 1

Archaea

Answer 1

Some prokaryotes which live in Earth’s extreme environments

Question 2

Bacteria

Answer 2

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are classified into multiple kingdoms

Question 3

Bioinformatics

Answer 3

The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the data that results from high-throughput method

Question 4

Biology

Answer 4

The scientific study of life

Question 5

Consumers

Answer 5

Organisms, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers

Question 6

Controlled Experiment

Answer 6

An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group

Question 7

Data

Answer 7

Recorded observations. Qualitative (description) and quantitative (numerical measurements)

Question 8

Deductive reasoning

Answer 8

A logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

Question 9

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Answer 9

Molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

Question 10

Dependent Variable

Answer 10

A factor that is measured in an experiment

Question 11

Emergent Properties

Answer 11

Novel Properties that emerge at each level which are absent from the previous level

Question 12

Eukarya

Answer 12

Domain in which all Eukaryotes (organisms made up of eukaryotic cells) are grouped

Question 13

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 13

A cell that possesses a clearly defined nucleus

Question 14

Evolution

Answer 14

Process of change that has transformed life on Earth

Question 15

Experiment

Answer 15

The manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it

Question 16

Feedback Regulation

Answer 16

The output, or product of a process, regulates that very process

Question 17

Gene Expression

Answer 17

Process by which information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product

Question 18

Gene

Answer 18

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

Question 19

Genome

Answer 19

The ‘library’ of genetic instructions that an organism inherits

Question 20

Genomics

Answer 20

An approach in which researchers study sets of genes rather than each one at a time

Question 21

Independent Variable

Answer 21

Factor in an experiment that is manipulated

Question 22

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 22

Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations.

Question 23

Model Organism

Answer 23

A lab species that is easy to grow in the lab and is capable of answering questions scientists may have about a different species

Question 24

Natural Selection

Answer 24

A mechanism of evolutionary adaptation

Question 25

Producers

Answer 25

Plants and other photosynthetic organisms

Question 26

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 26

Cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles

Question 27

Proteome

Answer 27

The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells

Question 28

Proteomics

Answer 28

Study of sets of proteins and their properties

Question 29

Systems Biology

Answer 29

The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interaction among its parts

Question 30

Technology

Answer 30

Applying scientific knowledge for a specific purpose

Question 31

Theory

Answer 31

Is much broader in scope than a hypothesis, general enough to inspire new hypotheses, is supported by a greater body of evidence

Question 32

Variable

Answer 32

Factor that is manipulated and the effects that are measured - Factors that vary in an experiment