Chapter 1 Flashcards
Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry
Archaea
Some prokaryotes which live in Earth’s extreme environments
Bacteria
Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes and are classified into multiple kingdoms
Bioinformatics
The use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the data that results from high-throughput method
Biology
The scientific study of life
Consumers
Organisms, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers
Controlled Experiment
An experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
Data
Recorded observations. Qualitative (description) and quantitative (numerical measurements)
Deductive reasoning
A logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism
Dependent Variable
A factor that is measured in an experiment
Emergent Properties
Novel Properties that emerge at each level which are absent from the previous level
Eukarya
Domain in which all Eukaryotes (organisms made up of eukaryotic cells) are grouped
Eukaryotic Cell
A cell that possesses a clearly defined nucleus
Evolution
Process of change that has transformed life on Earth
Experiment
The manipulation of one factor in a system in order to see the effects of changing it
Feedback Regulation
The output, or product of a process, regulates that very process
Gene Expression
Process by which information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product
Gene
A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
Genome
The ‘library’ of genetic instructions that an organism inherits
Genomics
An approach in which researchers study sets of genes rather than each one at a time
Independent Variable
Factor in an experiment that is manipulated
Inductive Reasoning
Deriving generalizations from a large number of specific observations.
Model Organism
A lab species that is easy to grow in the lab and is capable of answering questions scientists may have about a different species
Natural Selection
A mechanism of evolutionary adaptation
Producers
Plants and other photosynthetic organisms
Prokaryotic Cell
Cell that lacks a nucleus or other membrane-enclosed organelles
Proteome
The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells
Proteomics
Study of sets of proteins and their properties
Systems Biology
The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interaction among its parts
Technology
Applying scientific knowledge for a specific purpose
Theory
Is much broader in scope than a hypothesis, general enough to inspire new hypotheses, is supported by a greater body of evidence
Variable
Factor that is manipulated and the effects that are measured - Factors that vary in an experiment
