chapter 1

Question 1

extraneous variable

Answer 1

Any variable except independent variable that MAY cause unwanted effect on Dependent variable

Question 2

confounding variable

Answer 2

a variable that has definitely directly and systematically affected the dependent variable. could previously be a extraneous variable but left not controlled affects results. can only be identified after results have concluded and been analysed.

Question 3

independent variable

Answer 3

manipulated, controlled, selected, changed by researcher. change has direct effect on dependent variable.

Question 4

dependent variable

Answer 4

researcher measures for changes occurred from effect of independent variable

Question 5

psychology

Answer 5

the scientific study of human mental states and behaviour.

Question 6

case-study

Answer 6

investigation of individual, group, activity, behaviour, event, problem that has a real or hypothetical situation and includes complexities that would be encountered in the real world. limitation- cannot be generalised to wider population. researcher bias and errors. time-consuming

Question 7

correlational study

Answer 7

non-experimental, observation, no manipulation

Question 8

population

Answer 8

group of people the study focus is on.

Question 9

sample

Answer 9

small group from research population. examples- convenience, readily available participants. Random, same chance of being selected. stratified, proportionally represented.

Question 10

ethical concepts

Answer 10

beneficence, integrity, respect, justice, non-maleficence

Question 11

correlation study

Answer 11

non-experimental study, researchers observe and mesure relaionship between variables

Question 12

reproducibility

Answer 12

independent researchers arriving at sma results using own data and mehtods

Question 13

letter of informed constent

Answer 13

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Question 14

controlled experiment

Answer 14

causual relationship between two variables in a controlled environment, aiming to control any other variables.

Question 15

feild work

Answer 15

any research involving observation of real-world settings beyonf the lab.

Question 16

literature review

Answer 16

analysing secondary data related to other scientific findingd in order to answer a question to provide background info to help explain observed events.

Question 17

modelling

Answer 17

manipulation or contruction of a model that represents a system involving concepts that help poepl know, understand or simulate the system

Question 18

benefits of case study

Answer 18

high detailed info
provide new knowledge
rare phenomena to be examined in depth
provide for future ideas and hypothesis in future studies
incorporate other scientific metholodiesn

Question 19

limitations of case study

Answer 19

subject to researcher bias
findingd cannot be generalised to a wider population
time consuming
difficukt to draw conclusions from cause and effect