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People and Earth's Ecosystem > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The legal framework for learning the environmental science course.

A

RA 9512, 2008

National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008

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2
Q

The Proponents of RA 9512, 2008

A

Primary: Loren Legarda

Supporting: Juan Miguel Zubiri, Francis Escudero, Lorna Regina Bautista Romulo, Sergio Osmena, Ramon Bong Revilla Jr.

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3
Q

Who signed the RA 9512, 2008?

A

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

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4
Q

When was RA 9512 signed into law?

A

December 12, 2008

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5
Q

Enumerate the four contents of RA 9512

A
  1. Promote environmental consciousness
  2. Address environmental changes
  3. Inclusive approach
  4. Building a sustainable future
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6
Q

A dynamic field is a dynamic field that integrates a diverse scientific discipline to understand and address the complexities of our planet’s systems.

A

Environmental Science

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7
Q

A multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary academic field that utilizes a holistic approach

A

Environmental Science

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8
Q

What describes an approach to learning that involves the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines?

A

Multidisciplinary

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9
Q

What are the importance of having a multidisciplinary approach to environmental science?

A

Quality Output, Holistic Approach, Disciplinal Arrogance

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10
Q

What describes an approach to learning that involves the integration of knowledge from multiple disciplines, blending this knowledge and methodologies can generate innovative solutions that will bring a better knowledge or concepts to solve problems

A

Interdisciplinary

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11
Q

Enumerate the eras in the evolution of environmental science. (in order)

A
  1. Paleolithic Era or “Stone Age”
  2. Neolithic Era
  3. Ancient Civilizations
  4. Industrial Revolutions
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12
Q

The era where environment is seen as a source of resource and most of its elements are used for survival.

A

Paleolithic Era or “Stone Age”

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13
Q

The era where environment started being used by nomads in becoming farmers to build communities.

A

Neolithic Era

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14
Q

The era where the sightings of environmental destruction started to emerge.

A

Ancient Civilizations

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15
Q

The era where engines were discovered, pioneered technological advancements, and urbanization.

A

Industrial Revolutions

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16
Q

The person who started the birth control methods and the emergence of the concept “Carrying Capacity”

A

Thomas Malthus

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17
Q

The founder of Sierra Club and the man behind the conservation of National Parks.

A

John Muir

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18
Q

The first environmental president who established the National Forest and Park Systems.

A

Theodore Roosevelt

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19
Q

The Father of wildlife conservation in the US and known for his concept of “land ethic”

A

Aldo Leopold

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20
Q

Famous for his book “The Sand County Almanac”

A

Aldo Leopold

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21
Q

Mother of Environmental Science Movement and is known for her book “Silent Spring”

A

Rachel Carson

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22
Q

Discovered DDT in fish tissues as a very dangerous substance for human health and the environment which eventually resulted to having the DDT Worldwide Ban.

A

Rachel Carson

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23
Q

What does that DDT stand for?

A

dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

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24
Q

He is known for his book “Tragedy of the Commons” and became a cornerstone for the understanding of caring for our resources and environment.

A

Garrett Hardin

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25
Q

Known for his 4 Laws of Ecology

A

Barry Commoner

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26
Q

Enumerate the 4 Laws of Ecology by Barry Commoner

A
  1. Everything is connected to everything else
  2. Everything must go somewhere
  3. Nature knows best
  4. There is no such thing as “free lunch”
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27
Q

When is Earth Day being celebrated?

A

every 22nd of April

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28
Q

When was the first Earth Day celebrated?

A

1970

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29
Q

What is the importance of the 7 environmental principles?

A
  1. Guide for lawmakers, judges, and decision-makers in formulating policies
  2. Environmental principles work together to ensure high environmental standards by directing lawmakers and other decision-makers to interpret the law.
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30
Q

Enumerate the 7 environmental principles

A
  1. Everything is connected to everything else
  2. Everything must go somewhere
  3. Nature knows best
  4. Everything changes
  5. All forms of life are important
  6. Ours if a finite earth
  7. We are the stewards of the environment
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31
Q

What is the systematic process, steps/procedures to answer or solve a specific problem or phenomena?

A

Scientific Method

32
Q

Enumerate the steps of the scientific method

A
  1. Problem (Observation)
  2. Research (Related studies about the problem
  3. Make hypothesis (Predict possible results
  4. Conduct the Experiment (Prove your Hypothesis)
  5. Draw Conclusions (Analyze Results)
  6. Share results (Publication)
33
Q

What step of the scientific method is being perceived by the five senses, directly or indirectly?

A

Problem (Observation)

34
Q

Process of gathering and analyzing information to increase our understanding of a topic or problem you want to study.

A

Research (Related studies about the problem)

35
Q

Reliable sources of research/ related studies about the problem:

A

Scientific Journals, Online sources that are credible

36
Q

Eliminates possible duplication of the topic you want to study or give you more background about the problem, see if there are really relationships or none.

A

Research (Related studies about the problem)

37
Q

A tentative answer or a “wise guess” about an observed phenomena or research problem being solved.

A

Make Hypothesis (Predict possible results)

38
Q

It is often an if-then statement and very specific

A

Hypothesis

39
Q

Data that includes descriptions, historical facts and events, perception (survey, interview)

A

Qualitative Data

40
Q

Data that includes numbers, everything that can be represented or measured in quantity of number.

A

Quantitative Data

41
Q

Identify the type of variable: thing that you changed

A

Independent variable

42
Q

Identify the type of variable: the thing that you measure

A

Dependent variable

43
Q

Identify the type of variable: variable to be manipulated

A

Experimental group

44
Q

Identify the type of variable: normal state of what is being studied

A

Control group

45
Q

A statement based on the results and analysis of the experiment, measurements, and observations. It can either conclude or negate your hypothesis and possible future research that may improve results.

A

Draw Conclusions (Analyze Results)

46
Q

Can be a good material for others who will be doing the same study in the future.

A

Share Results (Publication)

47
Q

What is the etymology of the word environment?

A

French word “environer” meaning to surround or encircle

48
Q

What is the definition of environment?

A

Encompasses everything “totality of the surroundings”

49
Q

A specific community of living organisms interacting with each other and their environment within a defined boundary.

A

Ecosystem

50
Q

What are the two types of environment?

A

Natural

Man-made

51
Q

What are the two components of an environment?

A

Abiotic Factor (nonliving components)

Biotic Factor (living components)

52
Q

What are included in the abiotic factor?

A

lithosphere (solid)
atmosphere (air)
hydrosphere (water)

53
Q

What are included in the biotic factor?

A

floral species (all plants)

faunal species (all animals)

54
Q

Examples of living components

A

fungi
plants
animals
protists
archaea
bacteria

55
Q

Examples of nonliving components

A

soil
light
water
air
humidity
temperature

56
Q

What is the place on Earth’s surface where all forms of life can be found?

A

Biosphere

57
Q

In chronological order, enumerate the levels of biological organization

A

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

58
Q

The basic unit of life.

A

Cell

59
Q

A group of the same cells that have common function and structure

A

Tissue

60
Q

A group of tissues of the same structure to perform specific functions

A

Organ

61
Q

A group of organs that work together in the body to perform a complex function

A

Organ System

62
Q

An individual form of life

A

Organism

63
Q

A group of the same organisms of the same species that live together in an area at the same time and are capable of reproduction

A

Population

64
Q

Are associations of different populations of different species living and interacting at the same place at the same time

A

Community

65
Q

A community of living organisms from different kinds of species interacting with the nonliving components in a defined boundary

A

Ecosystem

66
Q

Where all forms of life exists

A

Biosphere

67
Q

A model that illustrates how energy (sun) is transferred to one organism to the other.

A

Energy Flow

68
Q

The study that deals into this energy transfer

A

Energetics

69
Q

Biotic organisms that create their own food

A

Autotrophs/ Producers

70
Q

Process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create their own food

A

Photosynthesis

71
Q

Process by which food (glucose) is made by bacteria using chemicals as energy source

A

Chemosynthesis

72
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food, hence, they must ingest other living organisms

A

Heterotrophs/ Consumers

73
Q

A linear view of who eats whom in an ecosystem

A

Food Chain

74
Q

The feeding relationships in organisms

A

Food Chain

75
Q

A network of interconnected food chains within an ecosystem, wherein it shows energy and nutrients are transferred from one organism to another

A

Food Web

People and Earth's Ecosystem (3 decks)

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