CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
The field of clinical psychology involves:
research, teaching, and services relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding, predicting, and alleviating intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social and behavioral maladjustment, disability and discomfort, applied to a wide range of client populations
According to Resnick, the skill areas central to the field of clinical psychology include:
assessment and diagnosis, intervention or treatment, consultation, research, and the application of ethical and professional principles
Clinical psychologists are distinguished by their expertise in the areas of:
psychopathology, personality, and their integration of science, theory, and practice
The field of Clinical Psychology integrates:
science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development
Clinical Psychology focuses on the:
intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span, in varying cultures, and at all socioeconomic levels
Closely related mental health professions:
- Psychiatrist
- Counseling Psychologist
- medical physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental illnesses, including substance use disorder
- rooted in the medical tradition and exists within the framework of organized medicine
- are often accorded the power and status of the medical profession, even though their intellectual heritage comes from the non-medical contributions of Freud, Jung, Adler, and others.
Psychiatrist
- work with normal or moderately maladjusted individuals
- their work may involve group counseling or counseling with individuals
- their principal method of assessment is usually the interview, but counseling psychologists also do testing personality, interests, and vocational aptitude).
- these professionals have focused on conducting educational and occupational counseling, often from a person-centered or humanistic orientation.
Counseling Psychologist
- and continues to grow rapidly.
- are those who, through their research or practice, contribute to the promotion and maintenance of good health
- they are also involved in the prevention and treatment of illness
- they may design, execute, and study programs to help people stop smoking, manage stress, lose weight, or stay fit
Health Psychologist
work with students, educators, parents, and school administrators to promote the intellectual, social, and emotional growth of school-age children and adolescents
School Psychologist
- is on people who are physically or cognitively disabled; the disability may result from a birth defect or later illness or injury
- help individuals adjust to their disabilities and the physical, psychological, social, and environmental barriers that often accompany them
- they advocate for the improvement of life conditions for those with disabilities and help develop and promote legislation to promote this cause
Rehabilitation Psychologist
Activities of Clinical Psychologists:
- Therapy / Intervention
- Diagnosis / Assessment
- Teaching
- Research
- Consultation
- Administration
- activity that most frequently engages the typical clinical psychologist’s efforts and to which the most time is devoted
- historically, involved mainly a search for insight into the origins of one’s problems or the purposes served by one’s undesirable behavior.
Therapy / intervention
- effort to better understand the individual so that a more informed decision can be made or the most desirable course of action selected
- whether through observation, testing, or interviewing, is a way of gathering information so that an important question can be answered or so that a problem can be solved
Diagnosis / assessment
- clinicians were to be trained as scientists and as practitioners
- it was believed that to be an effective clinical psychologist, one must have expertise in “thinking like a scientist.”
Research
- another form of teaching
- it typically involves more one-to-one teaching, small group approaches, and other less formal, non-classroom varieties of instruction.
Clinical Supervision
- the goal is to increase the effectiveness of those to whom one’s efforts are directed by imparting to them some degree of expertise
- takes innumerable forms in many different settings
Consultation
- it has been said half jokingly that no one in clinical psychology enjoys administrative work except masochists or those with obsessive- compulsive personalities
- nearly every clinical psychologist spends time on administrative tasks
- client records must be maintained, those infernal effort reports must be filled out each month, and research projects must be cleared by committees set up to safeguard the rights of human subjects
Administration
A designation bestowed by the American Psychological Association on psychological training programs that meet acceptable training standards.
Accreditation
A training experience designed to build specific clinical skills (in assessment, psychotherapy, etc.). Often, a practicum combines academic content, or theory, with practical experience.
Clinical Practicum
A member of a profession devoted to understanding and treating individuals affected by a variety of emotional, behavioral, and/ or cognitive difficulties.
- may be involved in numerous activities, including psychotherapy, assessment and diagnosis, teaching, supervision, research, consultation, and administration.
Clinical Psychologist
A clinical psychology training model that emphasizes empirically supported approaches to assessment, prevention, and clinical intervention. This model arose from concerns that clinical psychology was not firmly grounded in science.
Clinical Science Model
A degree that requires training beyond the master’s degree. In clinical psychology, the doctoral degree is usually obtainable after 4 years of graduate training in assessment, diagnosis, psychotherapy, and research, plus a 1-year internship.
Doctoral degree
A test frequently required of applicants to graduate training programs.
- assesses quantitative, verbal, and analytical abilities. In addition, the GRE offers subject tests for several disciplines, including psychology
Graduate Record Examination
An intensive clinical experience required of all clinical psychology students and usually occurring at the very end of their graduate training.
- last 1 year and involve full-time work at an independent facility
Internship
An advanced degree, usually obtainable after 2 years of graduate work. Individuals with master’s-level training in clinical psychology work in a variety of service-delivery settings but may be less likely to gain professional independence than individuals with doctoral degrees.
Master’s degree
Individuals (e.g., crisis hotline workers) who have been trained to assist professional mental health workers.
Paraprofessionals
Schools offering advanced training in psychology that emphasizes competence in assessment and psychotherapy over competence in research.
- not affiliated with universities, and most award the Psy.D. degree.
Professional School(s)
An advanced degree in psychology that is emerging as an alternative to traditional research-oriented Ph.D. degrees.
Psy. D. degree
A clinic operated by a clinical psychology training program and staffed by clinical students, faculty, and others
- provides a setting for clinical students to gain practical experience by offering assessment, therapy, and consultation services to the public.
Psychological Clinic
An examination required of all clinical psychology students, usually in their third year of training. The function of this exam is to ensure the student’s academic competence.
Qualifying Examination
The predominant training philosophy in clinical psychology today. This model is based on the idea that clinical psychologists should integrate their roles of scientist and practitioner
Scientist-Practitioner Model of Training
The theoretical framework that a psychologist relies on to conceptualize and treat clients’ problems. Examples of such orientations include psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, systems, and eclectic/ integrative.
Theoretical orientation
