Chapter 1

Question 1

Classical Theory of Crime (Cesare Becaria)

Answer 1

Human Behavior is a product of choice (free will)
- We want to experience pleasure and avoid pain

Question 2

Both criminal and civil law are built off of the idea of free will

Question 3

Deterence Theory

Answer 3

Modern Approach to crime prevention (body cams, sensors in stores, harsh sentences)

Question 4

Positivist Theory

Answer 4

Rooted in determinism/ free will is NOT the main explanation for how we act (other causes determine what we do)

Question 5

Antecedents or Determinants (Causes)

Answer 5

1) Biological
2) Sociological
3) Psychological

Question 6

Classical Theory vs. Positivist Theory (example)

Answer 6

CT) Murder was too deliberate to be done in sleep
PT) Defense lawyers claim sleep deprivation was a determinant/antecedents

Question 7

Robert Nerton’s Strain Theory (Born Good?) Confromists

Answer 7

Deviant behavior arises from social realities in which few opportunities or “means to an end” exist to achieve cultural goals

Question 8

Social Control Theory (Born Bad?) Non-Confromists

Answer 8

Deviant behavior occurs when there isn’t strong social bonds between individual and society (self control)

Question 9

Social Learning Theory (Born Neutral?) Learn through imitation

Answer 9

Criminal behavior is infectious (like all other behavior) Bad company promotes bad behavior (Edwin Sutherland)

Question 10

Edwin Sutherland

Answer 10

• Father of Criminality
• Wrote “White Collar Crime”
• Social Learning Theory and Differential Association Theory