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Microbiology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Symbiosis
-Mutualism
-Parasitism
-Commensalism

A

a long-term association between two organisms of different species
-Both partners benefit
-one partner benefits, other is harmed
-one partner benefits, other is unaffected

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2
Q

Aristotle’s theory of “Spontaneous Generation”

A

Idea that living organisms can spring into existence from non living matter

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3
Q

Who disproved Spontaneous Generation

A

Pasteur

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4
Q

Robert Hook (1600s)

A

First observation of microbes

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5
Q

Antonie van Leewenhoek

A

-Made crude microscope to examine threads
-made drawings of “animalcules” in rain water and teeth scrapings

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6
Q

John Tindall (1870s)

A

-Proved microbes could be present in dust
_observed bacterial growth can be inhibited (restrained) by Penicillin species

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7
Q

Fernidad Cohn (1800s)

A

Discovered and described bacterial endospores

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8
Q

Sterile

A

Free of all life forms

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9
Q

Dr. Wendell Holmes

A

Observed mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer infections than a hospital

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10
Q

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Showed that women became infected in maternity wards after examinations by physicians working in autopsy rooms and not washing their hands

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11
Q

Joseph Lister

A

-First to utilize hand washing and misting O.R.’s with antiseptic chemicals
-Techniques became the foundation for modern microbial control still in use today

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12
Q

Pasteur

A

-Invented pasteurization
-Showed human diseases could rise from infection

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13
Q

Robert Koch

A

-Established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease
-Linked specific microorganisms with a specific disease

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14
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of identifying, classifying, and naming biological species.

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15
Q

Classification

A

Attempts the orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa (categories)

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16
Q

Taxonomic Levels of Classification from most general to most specific

A

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum (Division)
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
-Species
King Phillip Calls Out For Good Soup

17
Q

Phylogeny

A

-Taxonomic scheme that represents the natural relatedness between groups of living things
-Based on evolution

18
Q

What are the three Domains?

A

-Bacteria
-Archea
-Eukarya

19
Q

Major groups of microorganisms

A

-Bacteria -Fungi -Protozoa -Viruses -Prions -Helminths

20
Q

Protozoa

A

A group pf single celled eukaryotes. Historically called “One celled animals”

21
Q

Prions

A

Pathogenic agents that induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins (prion proteins most found in the brain.

22
Q

Helminths

A

Parasitic worms- not technically microorganism as they are multicellular animal whose mature form can be seen by the naked eye

23
Q

Medical Microbiology

A

Deals with microbes that cause diseases in humans and animals

24
Q

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology

A

Monitor and control the spread of diseases in communities. Includes USPHS, CDC, WHO

25
Q

Immunology

A

-Study of complex web of protective substances and cells produced in response to infection (vaccination, blood testing, allergy)
-Role of immune system in cancer and autoimmune diseases.

26
Q

Industrial Microbiology

A

-safeguards our food and water.
-Biotechnology
-Microbes used to create amino acids, beer, drugs, enzymes and vitamins

27
Q

Agricultural Microbiology

A

Relationships between microbes and domesticated plants and animals

28
Q

Environmental Microbiology

A

Effect of microbes on the Earths diverse habitats

29
Q

Eukaryotes

A

-Cell with a true nucleus
-Plants, animals, fungi, algae, protozoans

30
Q

Prokaryotes/Akaryotes

A

-Cells that have no nucleus
-Bacteria
-Archaea

31
Q

Bioremediation

A

Introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or clean up toxic pollutants

32
Q

Biotechnology

A

Manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting

33
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

Manipulates genes of microbes, plants and animals for purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMO’S)

34
Q

Recombinant DNA Technology

A

Technique that allows the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another and alter DNA

35
Q

Pathogen

A

any agent such as a virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, or hilminth that causes disease

36
Q

Diseases most commonly caused by pathogens

A

Influenza, pneumonia, diarrheal diseases and tuberculosis

37
Q
A

Microbiology (10 decks)

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