Chapter 1 Flashcards
What is the nativist view?
Humans enter world with inborn store of knowledge and understanding of reality
What is the Empiricist view?
knowledge is acquired through experience and interactions with the world
What is cognitive psychology?
Branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use, and communicate information
What is cognition
What goes on inside our heads
What are the four aspects of cognition?
When we
- percieve
- pay attention
- remember
- think
WHat are the three aspects of nature
Genetics
Physical appearance
Biological influences
What are the three aspects of nurture
Environment
Upbringing
Social influences
Who are two supporters of empiricism
Aristotle and John Locke
WHat was John Locke’s point of view
“Blank Slate”
WHat is the blank slate point of view
Like blank slates qwhen born, experiences shape everything
Who are two supporters of nativism
Descartes and Plato
Who was Wilhelm Wundt
Founder of psyc/structuralism, first to use experimental method for psychology
What does structuralism focus on
What the elemental components of the mind are rather than on the question of why the mind works as it does
Describe the structuralism approach
Approach where we break down mind into its major components rather than why the mind works the way it does
What does Wundt describe in the Principles of Psychology?
How systematically varying stimuli would affect or produce different mental states
What was the point of Wundt systematically varying stimuli?
To produce different mental states, then have subjects pull apart their experiences
What technique did Wundt develop
Introspection
What is introspection
Examining one’s conscious experiences and breaking them down into their simplest properties
What are the four properties of conscious experience
Mode, quality, intensity, and duration
What question does functionalism ask
Why does mind work the way it does rather than what the components of mind are
Who founded functionalism
William James
What does functionalism pull from
Evolution and adaption, habit
What does functionalism seek to study
Humans/mind in the natural environment/real life situations
What does John Watson’s behaviorism believe
All mental phenomena can be reduced to behavioral and physiological responses
What does BF Skinners behaviorism believe
Mental representations are simply internal copies of external stimuli
What is the black box model
Input (stimulus) -> Blackbox (mind) -> Response (output)
What is operant conditioning
Animals respond to stimulus in certain way to gain reward or avoid punishment
What is an example of operant conditioning
Taught pigeons how to play pingpong
What is the big idea of Gestalt Psychology
The whole is greater than its sum of parts
Describe Gestalt psychology
To understand behavior, pay attention to the different elements that interact to cause the behavior as well as how they interact
What is an example of Gestalt psychology
Three black circles with white triangle over them or three black pac men
What do you need to understand in the context of gestalt psychology
How things relate to one another
Who was known for studying individual differences
Francis Galton
What beliefs did Francis Galton hold
Supportive of Nativism, thought intelligence was innate
What two things did Francis Galton study
Measurement of intelligence
Statistical tests
What was Galton the first to do
Apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence
What did Galton introduce
Use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities
What did the cognitive revolution have roots in
human facctors engineering
What was the idea of cognitive revolution
Trying to understand cognitive solutions/limitations to develop better suited methods for research and such
Which idea is the cognitive revolution against and why
Against behaviorism: No complete explanation of a person functioning can exist without consideration of the person’s mental representation of the world
What is an example of the cognitive revolution having roots in human factors engineering
Deciding what the best arrangements for buttons on the OG telephone
What three things led to the cognitive revolution
Linguistics
Neuroscience
Computers
How did linguistics contribute to the cognitive revolution
Noam Chomsky found out that behaviorism cannot explain language aquisition/why kids come up with new words. Behaviorism scientists previously thought we learn language solely through reward/punishment
