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BCSC > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nativist view?

A

Humans enter world with inborn store of knowledge and understanding of reality

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2
Q

What is the Empiricist view?

A

knowledge is acquired through experience and interactions with the world

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3
Q

What is cognitive psychology?

A

Branch of psychology concerned with how people acquire, store, transform, use, and communicate information

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4
Q

What is cognition

A

What goes on inside our heads

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5
Q

What are the four aspects of cognition?

A

When we
- percieve
- pay attention
- remember
- think

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6
Q

WHat are the three aspects of nature

A

Genetics
Physical appearance
Biological influences

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7
Q

What are the three aspects of nurture

A

Environment
Upbringing
Social influences

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8
Q

Who are two supporters of empiricism

A

Aristotle and John Locke

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9
Q

WHat was John Locke’s point of view

A

“Blank Slate”

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10
Q

WHat is the blank slate point of view

A

Like blank slates qwhen born, experiences shape everything

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11
Q

Who are two supporters of nativism

A

Descartes and Plato

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12
Q

Who was Wilhelm Wundt

A

Founder of psyc/structuralism, first to use experimental method for psychology

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13
Q

What does structuralism focus on

A

What the elemental components of the mind are rather than on the question of why the mind works as it does

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14
Q

Describe the structuralism approach

A

Approach where we break down mind into its major components rather than why the mind works the way it does

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15
Q

What does Wundt describe in the Principles of Psychology?

A

How systematically varying stimuli would affect or produce different mental states

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16
Q

What was the point of Wundt systematically varying stimuli?

A

To produce different mental states, then have subjects pull apart their experiences

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17
Q

What technique did Wundt develop

A

Introspection

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18
Q

What is introspection

A

Examining one’s conscious experiences and breaking them down into their simplest properties

19
Q

What are the four properties of conscious experience

A

Mode, quality, intensity, and duration

20
Q

What question does functionalism ask

A

Why does mind work the way it does rather than what the components of mind are

21
Q

Who founded functionalism

A

William James

22
Q

What does functionalism pull from

A

Evolution and adaption, habit

23
Q

What does functionalism seek to study

A

Humans/mind in the natural environment/real life situations

24
Q

What does John Watson’s behaviorism believe

A

All mental phenomena can be reduced to behavioral and physiological responses

25
Q

What does BF Skinners behaviorism believe

A

Mental representations are simply internal copies of external stimuli

26
Q

What is the black box model

A

Input (stimulus) -> Blackbox (mind) -> Response (output)

27
Q

What is operant conditioning

A

Animals respond to stimulus in certain way to gain reward or avoid punishment

28
Q

What is an example of operant conditioning

A

Taught pigeons how to play pingpong

29
Q

What is the big idea of Gestalt Psychology

A

The whole is greater than its sum of parts

30
Q

Describe Gestalt psychology

A

To understand behavior, pay attention to the different elements that interact to cause the behavior as well as how they interact

31
Q

What is an example of Gestalt psychology

A

Three black circles with white triangle over them or three black pac men

32
Q

What do you need to understand in the context of gestalt psychology

A

How things relate to one another

33
Q

Who was known for studying individual differences

A

Francis Galton

34
Q

What beliefs did Francis Galton hold

A

Supportive of Nativism, thought intelligence was innate

35
Q

What two things did Francis Galton study

A

Measurement of intelligence
Statistical tests

36
Q

What was Galton the first to do

A

Apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence

37
Q

What did Galton introduce

A

Use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities

38
Q

What did the cognitive revolution have roots in

A

human facctors engineering

39
Q

What was the idea of cognitive revolution

A

Trying to understand cognitive solutions/limitations to develop better suited methods for research and such

40
Q

Which idea is the cognitive revolution against and why

A

Against behaviorism: No complete explanation of a person functioning can exist without consideration of the person’s mental representation of the world

41
Q

What is an example of the cognitive revolution having roots in human factors engineering

A

Deciding what the best arrangements for buttons on the OG telephone

42
Q

What three things led to the cognitive revolution

A

Linguistics
Neuroscience
Computers

43
Q

How did linguistics contribute to the cognitive revolution

A

Noam Chomsky found out that behaviorism cannot explain language aquisition/why kids come up with new words. Behaviorism scientists previously thought we learn language solely through reward/punishment

BCSC (7 decks)

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