Chapter 1

Question 1

morpheme

Answer 1

the smallest unit of a language that has its own meaning

Question 2

word

Answer 2

one or more morphemes that can stand alone in a language

Question 3

simplex words

Answer 3

consisting of one morpheme
–> pistachio, fraud, giraffe

Question 4

complex words

Answer 4

consisting of more than one morpheme
–> opposition, prewash, crystalize

Question 5

tokens

Answer 5

each instance of a word counts as a token of that word –> the raw number of words

Question 6

(word) type

Answer 6

only the first instance of a word is counted

Question 7

lexemes

Answer 7

families of words that differ only in their grammatical endings or grammatical forms
–> singular, plural and possessive forms of a noun (class, classes, class’)
–> present, past and participle forms of verbs (walk, walks, walked, walking)
–> different forms of a pronoun (I, me, my, mine)

Question 8

lexeme formation

Answer 8

forming new lexemes from old lexemes

Question 9

category-changing lexeme formation

Answer 9

V –> N: amuse –> amusement
V –> A: impress –> impressive
N –> A: monster –> monsterous

Question 10

meaning-changing lexeme formation

Answer 10

A –> A: happy –> unhappy (negative A)
N –> N: orphan –> orphanage (place where N lives)
V –> V: wash –> rewash (repeat action)

Question 11

both category- and meaning-changing lexeme formation

Answer 11

V –> A: wash –> washable (able to be Ved)
N –> V: louse –> delouse (remove N from)

Question 12

word forms

Answer 12

differently inflected forms that belong to the same lexeme
–> walks, walking, walk and walked all belong to the same lexeme

Question 13

inflection

Answer 13

change the word form of a word so that it fits in a particular grammatical context

Question 14

inflectional word formation

Answer 14

expresses grammatical distinction:
–> number (singular VS plural)
–> tense (present VS past)
–> person (first, second, third)
–> case (object, subject, possessive)
This does NOT result in the creation of a new lexeme