Chapter 1 Flashcards
Matter
anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
measure of the quantity of matter
Weight
force that gravity exerts on an object’s mass
Density
mass / volume
Volume
mass / density
mass
density x volume
K = ?
°C + 273.15
Significant Figures
- Any digit that is not zero is significant
- Zeros between nonzero digits are significant
- Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are not significant
- If a number is greater than 1, then all zeros to the right of the decimal point are significant
- If a number is less than 1, then only the zeros that are at the end and in the middle of the number are significant
- Zeros to the right of the last non-zero digit are ONLY significant if there is a decimal
Accuracy
how close a measurement is to the true value
Precision
how close a set of measurements are to each other
Dimensional Analysis
given unit x desired unit / given unit = desired unit
hypothesis
tentative explanation for a set of observations
law
concise statement of a relationship between phenomena that is always the same under the same conditions …. the “what”
theory
unifying principle that explains a body of facts and/or those laws that are based on them… the “what” and “why”
chemistry
study of matter and changes it undergoes
matter
anything that occupies space and has mass.
substance
form of matter that has a definite composition and distinct properties
Law of conservation of mass
Mass can neither be created nor destroyed … just transformed from one form to another
Physical means
can be used to separate a mixture into its pure components
Chemical means
must be used to separate a compound into its elements
Extensive
Property that depends on the amount of material present
Intensive
Property that depends on the material present (independent of amount)
Types of energy
Kinetic
Potential (physical, chemical)
Thermal
