Chapter 1

Question 1

cradle to prison pipeline

Answer 1

-Pervasive poverty
-inadequate access to healthcare
- gaps in early childhood care
- disparate educational opportunities
- abuse and neglect
-unmet emotional problems
- substance abuse

Question 2

Social Differentiation

Answer 2

Different experiences based on our race/ ethnicity, class gender, and sexuality. Some qualities born into and cannot change. Achieved = easily attainable

Question 3

Individual Racism, classim, sexism

Answer 3

individuals hold personal attitudes of prejudice based on race class or gender. can appear as stereotyping

Question 4

Institutional racism, classism, sexism

Answer 4

occur when individuals are disadvantaged because of their race class or gender as a result of the routine workings of institutions in the US

Question 5

Institutions

Answer 5

organizational structures such as political system, the legal system, media, and education

Question 6

status offenses

Answer 6

acts that are not considered crimes and for which adults cannot get in trouble but that society does not want juveniles doing

Question 7

Examples of status offenses

Answer 7

Smoking, drinking, curfew violations, swearing, running away

Question 8

social constructionist conception of delinquency

Answer 8

assumes that the definition of deviance and delinquency is constructed based on the interactions of those in society. not inherently deviant.

Question 9

Normative Conception

Answer 9

acknowledge that race, class, and gender (among other such concepts as age, sexual orientation, nationality, and ability) are somehow connected to delinquency

Question 10

Folkways

Answer 10

everyday norms that so not generate much upoar if they are violated

Question 11

mores

Answer 11

“moral” norms that generate more outrage if broken

Question 12

Critical conception of delinquency

Answer 12

conception argue that the normative understanding of deviance and delinquency is established by those in power to maintain and enhance their power. Critiques the social system

Question 13

Well being of children

Answer 13

• Office of Management and Budget tracks the well being of kids
• Their priorities
  1. foster better collection of data
  2. better communication between agencies and the community on the state of children and childhood

Question 14

Food Insecurity

Answer 14

15% of children lived in a household
- defined as reduced food intake; difficulty obtaining food, including a poor quality diet because food cannot be obtained

Question 15

Children living in polluted conditions has decreased

Answer 15

Inadequate housing has been increasing

Question 16

Educational Attainment

Answer 16

• Graduating with a diploma or GED increased from 84% to 94% between 1980 and 2019
• Latino children had the greatest percentage increase

Question 17

College/University Enrollment

Answer 17

• the percentage of those who enroll in college right after high school has increased
• females enrolled higher percentage

Question 18

Cradle to prison pipeline

Answer 18

• identified by children’s defense fund
• refers to issues that make it more likely that a child will go to jail prison such as:
• pervasive poverty
• inadequate access to health care
• abuse/neglect
• substance use

Question 19

Social differentiation

Answer 19

we have different experiences based on our race, class, gender, and sexuality

Question 20

Individual racism, classism, and sexism

Answer 20

occurs when individuals hold personal attitudes of prejudice based on race, class, gender and act on these

Question 21

Power hierarchy exists in social relations

Answer 21

some hold more power based on their social groups