Chapter 1

Question 1

What is condensation?

Answer 1

A chemical process by which 2 molecules are joined together to make a larger, more complex molecule, with the loss of water.

Question 2

What happens to entropy during a condensation reaction?

Answer 2

There is a loss of entropy

Question 3

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 3

a larger molecule forms two (or more) smaller molecules and water is consumed as a reactant
(“hydro” = water and “lysis” = break) involves adding water to one large molecule to break it into multiple smaller molecules

Question 4

What happens to entropy during a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 4

Hydrolysis increases entropy or “disorder” because it breaks one molecule into two.

Question 5

Alkane

Answer 5

Question 6

Alkene

Answer 6

Question 7

Alkyne

Answer 7

Question 8

Arene

Answer 8

Question 9

Haloalkane

Answer 9

Question 10

Alcohol

Answer 10

Question 11

Aldehyde

Answer 11

Question 12

Ketone

Answer 12

Question 13

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 13

Question 14

Acid Anhydride

Answer 14

Question 15

Ester

Answer 15

Question 16

Ether

Answer 16

Question 17

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amine

Answer 17

Question 18

Amide

Answer 18

Question 19

Nitrate

Answer 19

Question 20

Nitrite

Answer 20

Question 21

Nitrile

Answer 21

Question 22

Imine

Answer 22

Question 23

Imide

Answer 23

Question 24

Thiol

Answer 24

Question 25

Sulfide

Answer 25

Question 26

Disulfide

Answer 26

Question 27

What is Endosymbiosis?

Answer 27

a type of symbiosis in which one organism lives inside the other, the two typically behaving as a single organism

Question 28

What is stereochemistry?

Answer 28

The arrangement of the molecule's constituent atoms in 3 dimensional space

Question 29

What are stereoisomers?

Answer 29

Molecules that share the same chemical bonds but have different configurations

Question 30

What is stereospecific?

Answer 30

Interactions between biomolecules require specific configurations

Question 31

How do geometric isomers and cis isomers differ?

Answer 31

Differ in the arrangement of their substituent groups with respect to the nonrotating double bond

Question 32

What are two types of stereoisomers?

Answer 32

Enantiomers (mirror image) and diastereomers (non-mirror images)

Question 33

What type of chiral compound goes in the clockwise direction?

Answer 33

R and in our class, D goes with R

Question 34

What type of chiral compound goes in the counterclockwise direction?

Answer 34

S and in our class, L goes with S

Question 35

What is a chiral center?

Answer 35

An atom that has four different types of groups bonded to it

Question 36

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 36

In any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant, although the form of the energy may change.

Question 37

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 37

the total entropy (s) or disorder of the universe is continually increasing

Question 38

What is an endergonic reaction in thermodynamics?

Answer 38

Work done raising objects. Energy is absorbed from the surroundings

Question 39

What is an exergonic reaction in thermodynamics?

Answer 39

Loss of potential energy of position.

Question 40

What do enzymes do in biochemical reactions?

Answer 40

Lower the activation barrier

Question 41

When are Keq reactions at equilibrium?

Answer 41

When ΔG=0 and Keq=1

Question 42

When are Keq reactions exothermic/exergonic and spontaneous?

Answer 42

When ΔG is less than 0 and Keq is bigger than 1

Question 43

When are Keq reactions endothermic/endergonic and nonspontaneous?

Answer 43

When ΔG is bigger than 0 and Keq is less than 1

Question 44

What is enthalpy and entropy?

Answer 44

Enthalpy is the energy contained within chemical bonds (ΔH) and entropy is how disordered things are (ΔS)