chapter 1 Flashcards
Trait-descriptive adjectives
words that describe a person’s traits that remain with the person over time
Personality
The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring, that influence a person interactions/adaptations with an environment.
Psychological traits
characteristics in which people are unique or different from or similar to each other.
Average tendencies
Naturally displaying a psychological trait consistently.
Psychological Mechanisms
similar to traits but mechanisms are the process of personality, information processing activity. (Input-Decision rules-Output)
Within the individual
A person’s personality resides within staying stable and consistent throughout different situations.
Organized
Psychological traits and mechanisms are not random; they are organized. Personality is connected to mechanisms and traits are linked to each other in an organized fashion.
Enduring Psychological Traits
relatively stable overtime,particularly as adults.
Influential forces
traits and mechanisms affect our actions, how we view ourselves, how we interact with the world, what goals or desires we have and how we react.
Person-environment interactions
a person’s interactions with situations
Perceptions: what we see and how we interpret our environment,
Selections: the manner in which we choose situations, Evocations: the {often unintentional} reactions we produce in others, and Manipulations: the ways in which we attempt to influence others
Adaptations
primary product of selective process.
Human nature
raits and mechanisms of personality that are typical of our species.
Individual differences:
the study of how we are all different and similar
Differences among groups
individuals are members of various groups, such as culture and gender, how do these groups differ with different traits.the study of differences among groups.
Nomothetic
the study of general characteristics of people as they are seen throughout the population, studying statistics comparison between individuals or groups.
Idiographic
The study of single individuals with an effort to observe general principles as they appear in a single life over time.
Domain of knowledge
a specialty area of science and scholarship where psychologists have focused on learning about some specific and limited aspect of human nature, often with preferred tools of invitation.
Dispositional domain
How individuals differ from one another, connects with all other domains, discussing: number and nature of fundamental dispositions, taxonomies of traits, measurement issues, and questions of stability overtime.
Biological domain:
the core assumption is that humans are first collections of biological systems, and these provide the building blocks for behavior, thought, and emotion. Genetics, Psychophysiology, and evolution
Intapsycic Domain:
Deals with mental mechanisms of personality on an unctuous level. Includes defense mechanisms, repression, denial, and projection,
Cognitive experiential domain
focuses on cognition and subjective experience such as conscious thoughts like feelings, beliefs, and desires. Feelings of self, identity, self esteem, goal, and emotions
Social and cultural domain
Personality affects and is affected by culture. Different cultures bring out different facets of our personality in manifested behaviors. Liek what is acceptable and encouraged by our culture. The social sphere in individual differences in gender.
Adjustment domain
personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and adjust to the ebb and flow of events in our day to day lives.
Stress can cause certain behaviors like smoking. Some behaviors are linked to personality disorders.
Good theory
a theory that serves as a useful guide for researchers, organized facts, predictions, observations.
