chapter 1

Question 1

Trait-descriptive adjectives

Answer 1

words that describe a person’s traits that remain with the person over time

Question 2

Personality

Answer 2

The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring, that influence a person interactions/adaptations with an environment.

Question 3

Psychological traits

Answer 3

characteristics in which people are unique or different from or similar to each other.

Question 4

Average tendencies

Answer 4

Naturally displaying a psychological trait consistently.

Question 5

Psychological Mechanisms

Answer 5

similar to traits but mechanisms are the process of personality, information processing activity. (Input-Decision rules-Output)

Question 6

Within the individual

Answer 6

A person’s personality resides within staying stable and consistent throughout different situations.

Question 7

Organized

Answer 7

Psychological traits and mechanisms are not random; they are organized. Personality is connected to mechanisms and traits are linked to each other in an organized fashion.

Question 8

Enduring Psychological Traits

Answer 8

relatively stable overtime,particularly as adults.

Question 9

Influential forces

Answer 9

traits and mechanisms affect our actions, how we view ourselves, how we interact with the world, what goals or desires we have and how we react.

Question 10

Person-environment interactions

Answer 10

a person’s interactions with situations
Perceptions: what we see and how we interpret our environment,
Selections: the manner in which we choose situations, Evocations: the {often unintentional} reactions we produce in others, and Manipulations: the ways in which we attempt to influence others

Question 11

Adaptations

Answer 11

primary product of selective process.

Question 12

Human nature

Answer 12

raits and mechanisms of personality that are typical of our species.

Question 13

Individual differences:

Answer 13

the study of how we are all different and similar

Question 14

Differences among groups

Answer 14

individuals are members of various groups, such as culture and gender, how do these groups differ with different traits.the study of differences among groups.

Question 15

Nomothetic

Answer 15

the study of general characteristics of people as they are seen throughout the population, studying statistics comparison between individuals or groups.

Question 16

Idiographic

Answer 16

The study of single individuals with an effort to observe general principles as they appear in a single life over time.

Question 17

Domain of knowledge

Answer 17

a specialty area of science and scholarship where psychologists have focused on learning about some specific and limited aspect of human nature, often with preferred tools of invitation.

Question 18

Dispositional domain

Answer 18

How individuals differ from one another, connects with all other domains, discussing: number and nature of fundamental dispositions, taxonomies of traits, measurement issues, and questions of stability overtime.

Question 19

Biological domain:

Answer 19

the core assumption is that humans are first collections of biological systems, and these provide the building blocks for behavior, thought, and emotion. Genetics, Psychophysiology, and evolution

Question 20

Intapsycic Domain:

Answer 20

Deals with mental mechanisms of personality on an unctuous level. Includes defense mechanisms, repression, denial, and projection,

Question 21

Cognitive experiential domain

Answer 21

focuses on cognition and subjective experience such as conscious thoughts like feelings, beliefs, and desires. Feelings of self, identity, self esteem, goal, and emotions

Question 22

Social and cultural domain

Answer 22

Personality affects and is affected by culture. Different cultures bring out different facets of our personality in manifested behaviors. Liek what is acceptable and encouraged by our culture. The social sphere in individual differences in gender.

Question 23

Adjustment domain

Answer 23

personality plays a key role in how we cope, adapt, and adjust to the ebb and flow of events in our day to day lives.
Stress can cause certain behaviors like smoking. Some behaviors are linked to personality disorders.

Question 24

Good theory

Answer 24

a theory that serves as a useful guide for researchers, organized facts, predictions, observations.

Question 25

Scientific standards for evaluating personality theories:

Answer 25

Comprehensiveness, heuristic value, testability, parsimony, compatibility, and integration across domains and levels