chapter 1

Question 1

abstraction

Answer 1

process that drives evolution of computer language and enables more USERS to use COMPUTERS

Question 2

MatLab

Answer 2

developed by MOLER and LITTLE, stands for Matrix Lab

Question 3

purpose of MatLab

Answer 3

graphing math computations for scientists and engineers, provides visualization tools to analyze results

Question 4

compiled languages

Answer 4

converts high level instructions to low

require code to be fully compiled before program can be executed

Question 5

machine instruction

Answer 5

specific to processed of program, sequence of 1s and 0s

Question 6

interpreted languages

Answer 6

program called interpreter will read high level statement, execute operation, and then read the next statement

Question 7

pros and cons of interpreted languages

Answer 7

pros- can be executed across many different computing systems as long as interpreter is available
cons- interpreter needs more steps to execute program which can slow execution

Question 8

MatLab interpreter

Answer 8

carries out computations based on statement, allocates memory for data and adds results

Question 9

command window

Answer 9

presents user with interactive environment, programmer types statement to be executed by interpreter

Question 10

workspace

Answer 10

displays data being used by interpreter

Question 11

variable

Answer 11

allocated memory for data

Question 12

semicolon

Answer 12

interpreter won’t print output of statement, helps create variables

Question 13

white space

Answer 13

horizontal spaces that don’t matter… things mean the same either way but it makes it better stylistically and easier to read

Question 14

clc

Answer 14

clear command window (doesn’t affect workspace, variables are unchanged)

Question 15

clear

Answer 15

clears all variables from workspace

Question 16

diary

Answer 16

records everything that appears in command window into file, name of file is chosen by programmer

Question 17

exit

Answer 17

exits Matlab session

Question 18

who

Answer 18

prints out all variables in current workspace

Question 19

whos

Answer 19

prints out all variables in workspace and extra Information about their size, bytes, etc

Question 20

ctrl-c

Answer 20

interrupts endless Matlab calculation that programmer may have accidentally enterred

Question 21

format commands

Answer 21

can alter how output appears in command window

Question 22

format long

Answer 22

display shows 15 digits after decimal

Question 23

format short

Answer 23

display shows 4 digits after decimal

Question 24

fixed point repetition

Answer 24

each number displayed with fixed number of digits after decimal point (standard is 4 pts)

Question 25

format compact

Answer 25

single space text

Question 26

format loose

Answer 26

double space text

Question 27

switch

Answer 27

controls whether or not electricity flows

Question 28

electronically controlled switch

Answer 28

positive voltage at control input allows electricity to flow while zero voltage prevents flow

Question 29

1

Answer 29

positive voltage

Question 30

0

Answer 30

zero voltage

Question 31

bits

Answer 31

binary digits (1s and 0s)

Question 32

circuits

Answer 32

connection of switches, can perform calculations, led to first computers and became increasingly complex

Question 33

processers

Answer 33

circuits created to support different calculations and process/execute list of calculations

Question 34

instructions

Answer 34

list of desired calculations, specified by configuring external circuits (stored in memory and operate on data in memory)

Question 35

memory

Answer 35

circuit that stores bits

Question 36

computer is basically...

Answer 36

processor executing instructions by interacting with memory

Question 37

program/app

Answer 37

sequence of instructions created by programmer

Question 38

JMP

Answer 38

jump, can be used to make loops

Question 39

assemblers

Answer 39

programs created to translate human readable instructions into executable programs

Question 40

executable program

Answer 40

sequence of machine instructions

Question 41

assembly program instruction

Answer 41

human readable expression (ex: mult 98, #8, 99)

Question 42

high level languages

Answer 42

supports programming using formulas or algorithms

Question 43

statements

Answer 43

higher levels of instruction, closely related to how humans think

Question 44

compilers

Answer 44

auto translate high level language programs into assembly language programs

Question 45

binary number

Answer 45

number in base two (0 and 1, uses reset carry system for counting... 0,1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110)

Question 46

unsigned binary number

Answer 46

can only represent non negative numbers

Question 47

signed binary number

Answer 47

uses leftmost bit to represent whether number is positive or negative

Question 48

overflow

Answer 48

when result of bit addition is too big to fit allowed number of bits

Question 49

peripherals

Answer 49

additional devices added onto a computer like mic, speakers, etc

Question 50

disk

Answer 50

"hard drives" store files and other data non volatile (maintain info even when they are off) disk spins under a head that pulses electricity to friend specific particles in a 0 or 1 position

Question 51

RAM

Answer 51

random access memory, temporarily holds data read from storage random access - access any memory location quickly without having to spin disk volatile mem in bytes

Question 52

computer processer

Answer 52

runs computer programs, reading and executing instructions from memory AKA CPU starts with memory location 0

Question 53

operating system

Answer 53

program that allows user to run other programs that interface with peripherals

Question 54

clock

Answer 54

part of processor at which instructions are executed, ticks at specific frequent

Question 55

Moore's law

Answer 55

doubling of IC capacity roughly every 18 months