Chapter 1

Question 1

what are the 2 early psychologies?

Answer 1

structuralism and functionalsim

Question 2

who was the founder of structuralism?

Answer 2

Wundt

Question 3

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 3

psychology

Question 4

what is the methodology of structuralism?

Answer 4

introspection - look within yourself

Question 5

what is the philosophy of structuralism?

Answer 5

classify and understand elements of the mind’s structure

Question 6

who was the founder of functionalism?

Answer 6

William James

Question 7

what is the methodology of functionalism?

Answer 7

none, but made us think of “thought” as dynamic and ever changing

Question 8

what is the philosophy of functionalism?

Answer 8

focuses on WHY and HOW behavior occurs: behavior was viewed as adaptive to situations

Question 9

Most psychologists; study problems of medical/ non- medical origin which influence adjustment

Answer 9

clinical

Question 10

Help people to cope with adjustment issues; in general, many deal with less severe issues than clinical psychologists and training is different from clinicians

Answer 10

counseling

Question 11

Only ones with medical training and can prescribe drugs/ medication

Answer 11

Psychiatrist

Question 12

punsihment _________ behavior and _______ strengthens it

Answer 12

decreases; strengthens

Question 13

Maintains that childhood experiences are critical in adult development; how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

Answer 13

psychodynamic

Question 14

how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

Answer 14

neuoscience perspective

Question 15

how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes

Answer 15

evolutionary perspective

Question 16

how our genes and enviornment influence our individual differences

Answer 16

behavior genetics

Question 17

how we learn observable responses

Answer 17

behavioral

Question 18

how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

Answer 18

cognitive

Question 19

how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures

Answer 19

social- cultural perspective

Question 20

in depth analyses of individuals

Answer 20

case studies

Question 21

observe without interfering; many people

Answer 21

observational studies

Question 22

observe without interfering in nature

Answer 22

naturalistic observation

Question 23

observe without interfering in lab

Answer 23

Laboratory observation

Question 24

standardized format, asking people questions

Answer 24

surveys

Question 25

one trait or behavior tends to coincide with another, two variables are related, (r)

Answer 25

correlation

Question 26

correlation scale

Answer 26

0 (no relationship) —- 1 (perfect relationship)

Question 27

direct relationship; two things increase together or decrease together (above 0 to 1)

Answer 27

positive correlation

Question 28

inverse relationship; as one thing increases the other decreases (below 0 to -1)

Answer 28

negative correlation

Question 29

just because variables are related

Answer 29

doesn’t mean one causes the other

Question 30

means you can predict one variable from another

Answer 30

significant correlation

Question 31

is manipulated by the experimenter

Answer 31

Independent variable

Question 32

is simply measured

Answer 32

Dependent variable

Question 33

receives some amount of the IV

Answer 33

Experimental group

Question 34

should not receive the IV but should be similar to experimental group in other respects, particularly those related to the DV

Answer 34

control group

Question 35

to repeat a study

Answer 35

replicate