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General Physics > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

model

A

an analogy or representation designed to help us make sense of an unfamiliar phenomenon or experience (ex. the wave model of light)

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2
Q

theory

A

an explanation for patterns in nature that is supported by scientific evidence and has been

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3
Q

uncertainty

A

assumed to be one or two units in the last digit specified (ex. 5.6 cm has an uncertainty of 0.1 cm)

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4
Q

percent uncertainty

A

uncertainty devided by the measured value times 100 (0.1/5.6) x 100 = 1.8%

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5
Q

precision

A

repeatability of the measurement using a given instrument

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6
Q

accuracy

A

refers to how close the measurement is to the true value

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7
Q

estimated uncertainty?

A

takes both accuracy and precision into account

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8
Q

significant figures

A

number of reliably known digits (0.20 has two reliably known digits)

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9
Q

scientific notation

A

a way to determine the number of sig figs (0.00210 x= 2.10 x 10^-3 and has 3 sig figs)

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10
Q

when multiplying and dividing numbers:

A

result should have as many digits as the number with the fewest number of sig figs (2.1 x 3.85 = 8.1)

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11
Q

when adding or subtracting:

A

result is only as precise as the last precise number used (3.6 - 0.57 = 3.0 not 3.03)

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12
Q

what is the sum of 1123 m and 10.3 m written with the correct number of sig figs?

A

1133 meters

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13
Q

units

A

term for the measurement of any quantity (5 kg is 5 portions of a kilogram)

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14
Q

How many base units of SI system?

A

7 base units (table 1.5)

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15
Q

derived units

A

units derived from the 7 base units (newtons, joules, volts)

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16
Q

speed SI unit?

A

meter/second
speed = length/time

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17
Q

1 meter is how many feet?

A

1 meter = 3.2808 feet

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18
Q

using conversion factors, determine how many seconds there are in 5.24 days

A

4.53 x 10^5 seconds

19
Q

Example problem: a typical atom has a diameter of about 1.0 x 10^-10 meters.
a.) What is this in inches?
b.) Approximately how many atoms are along a 1.0 cm line, assuming they touch?

A

a.) 3.94 x 10^-9 inches
b.) 1.0 x 10^8 atoms

20
Q

Example problem: it is estimated the relative approach speed is 42 m/s.

a.) how many miles per hour does that equal?
b.) could they grab him safely at that speed?

A

a.) 1m = 3.281 ft 1 mile = 5280 feet. 3600 s = hr
= 94 mph
b.) no

21
Q

What precision should you expect for a quantity that you determine by estimation in which the variables used are rounded to the nearest power of ten?

A

just the order of magnitude will be correct, the leading number of the digit will not be the same

22
Q

order of magnitude estimate

A

a rough estimate can be made by rounding off all numbers to one significant figure

  • generally work because the estimations of the individual terms
23
Q

how many piano tuners in chicago?

A

1.) they are approximately 9,000,000 people in Chicago
2.) on average, there are two people per household in Chicago
3.) let’s guess that roughly one household in twenty has a piano that is tuned regularly
4.) they are tuned on average about once per year
5.) (9,000,000 people)/ (2 people per household) * (1 piano/household) * (1 piano tuning per year) = 225,000 piano tuning per year
6.) Piano tuning takes about 2 hours including travel time
7.)The number of tuning that one piano tuner performs is (50 weeks/year)(5 days/week)(8 hours/day)/(2 hours to tune a piano) = 1000 piano tuning a year per piano tuner
8.) (225,000 piano tunings)/(1000 piano tuning per year) = 225 piano tuners

24
Q

equation

A

a statement of equality, two things are equal

ex. F= ma

25
Q

variable

A

a symbol which can take on various numerical values

ex. Hookes law, F= kx and x is a variable

26
Q

constant

A

a symbol which has a fixed numerical value, it does not change

ex.) Hookes law, F=kx and k is a constant (spring constant)

27
Q

function

A

a set of paired numbers where each value of an input variable gives one value for the output variable

ex.) x(t) = x0 + v0t

28
Q

proportionality

A

two variables are proportional if there is always a constant ratio between them

ex.) F= kx, the ratio F/x always equals k, is k is the proportionality constant

29
Q

dimensional analysis

A

only quantities with the same dimensions may be added, subtracted, or equated to each other

if units are different, apply conversion factor

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT a base unit of the SI system?

A

volt

31
Q

The metric prefix for one-thousandth is ______

A

milli

32
Q

The metric prefix for one thousand is ______

A

kilo

33
Q

What is the sum of 2.67 + 1.976 + 2.1 to the correct precision?

A

6.7

34
Q

What is the product of 12.56 x 2.12 to the correct number of significant figures?

A

26.6

35
Q

Which of the following numbers is the smallest?

1) 15 x 10-3

2) 0.15 x 10^0

3) 0.00015 x 10^3

4) 0.00000015 x 10^6

A

15 x 10-3

36
Q

What is the quantity 13.5 gigameters expressed in decimal notation with standard units?

A

13,500,000,000 m

giga = 10^9

37
Q

Which of the following areas is the largest?

1) 2,500,000 mm2

2) 100,000 cm2

3) 7.5 m2

4) 0.75 m2

A

100,000 cm2

38
Q

The mass of Mars, 6.40 x 1023 kg, is about one-tenth that of the Earth, and its radius, 3395 km, is about half that of Earth. What is the average density of Mars in kg/m3?

A

Mass = 6.4 X 10^23 kg

Volume = 4/3 pi (r^3) where r = 3.395 X 10^6 m

V = 1.639 X 10^20 m^3

So, by merely performing the equation D = M/V you can get the answer easily

39
Q

An average human heart beats at a rate of 70 beats per minute. If someone’s heart beats at that average rate over a 70-year lifetime, how many times will it beat?

A

3 x 10^9

40
Q

The last page of a book is numbered 764. The book is 3.00 cm thick, not counting its covers. What is the average thickness in centimeters of a single sheet of paper in the book?

A

764 pages, means 764/2 sheets of paper. 3 cm/382 sheets =

8 x 10^-3 cm

41
Q

Which of the following lists contains only SI base units?

A

candela, kelvin, meter, second

42
Q

Express the number 0.02 volts using one of the prefixes in Table 1-4.

A

2 centivolts

43
Q

Express the following sum with the correct number of significant figures: 1.00 kg + 1531 g + 2.54 x 10^4 mg.

A

2.56 kg

General Physics (18 decks)

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