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I/O PSYCHOLOGY > CHAPTER 1 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace (Aamodt, 2013)

to enhance the dignity and performance of human beings and the organizations they work in by advancing the science and knowledge of human behavior

A

INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY

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2
Q

are able to apply psychological theories to explain and enhance the effectiveness of human behavior in the workplace

A

INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGIST

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3
Q

study and practice in such areas as analyzing jobs, recruiting applicants, selecting employees, determining salary levels, training employees and evaluating employee performance

A

PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY

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4
Q

concerned with the issues of leadership, job satisfaction, employee motivation, organizational communication, conflict management, organizational change and group processes within an organization

A

ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

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5
Q

concentrate on workplace design , humanmachine interaction , ergonomics and physical fatigue and stress

A

HUMAN FACTORS/ERGONOMICS

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6
Q

Recruitment Motivation
Selection Attitudes
Training Leadership
Performance Appraisal Teams
Promotion Stress
Transfer Job Design
Termination

A

INDUSTRIAL (THE HR SIDE)

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7
Q

Motivation
Attitudes
Leadership
Teams
Stress
Job Design

A

ORGANIZATION

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8
Q

† THE THEORY OF ADVERTISING : a book considered to be the first dealing with Psychology and aspect of work

† use psychological principles to produce more effective advertisements

A

PROFESSOR WALTER DILL SCOTT 1903

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9
Q

Father of Industrial Psychology

† “THE PSYCHOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY”

A

HUGO MUNSTERBERG 1910

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10
Q

† created PSYCHOLOGICAL
CORPORATION to advance psychology and promote its usefulness to industry
† served as a place for companies to get reference check on prospective
psychologists

A

JAMES MCKEEN CATELL (1921)

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11
Q

† started the DIVISION OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY FOR CARNEGIE
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY the first academic program in Industrial
Psychology

A

WALTER BINGHAM

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12
Q

† her theory was a forerunner of today’s teamwork concept and group cohesiveness
† her works focused on groups and advocated people-oriented organizations

A

MARY PARKER FOLLETT

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13
Q

† the pioneers in applying scientific methods to the workplace were not psychologists but engineers
† they focused on scientific management; the managerial philosophy that emphasizes the worker as a well-oiled machine and the determination of the most efficient methods for performing any work related task

A

THE ADVENT OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT

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14
Q

: a teaching model in which students are trained first to be scientists, and second, to be able to apply the science of their field to find solutions to real-world
problems

A

SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER
MODEL

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15
Q

: mastermind of the idea of scientific management

A

Frederick Winslow Taylor

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16
Q

Led the first publication of an empirical study of the effects of leadership styles which initiated arguments for the use of participative management techniques

A

KURT ZADEK LEWIN (1939)

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17
Q

study of why people buy things

A

Consumer Psychology

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18
Q

refers to the list of respondents in a particular area who agree to respond to questionnaire regarding products, services, advertisements, or other promotional
efforts

A

CONSUMER PANEL

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19
Q

market research is a qualitative research method whereby a selection of respondents will be asked to keep a record of their experiences or observations over a particular period of time

A

DIARY PANEL

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20
Q

: invented psychological tests
-I/O psychology made its first big impact during WWI; screening and classifying millions of recruits
-number of Psychologists devised a general intelligence test so that persons with low intelligence could be identified and eliminated from the training

A

ROBERT MEARNS YERKES

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21
Q

Two tests were developed during WWI

A

the ARMY ALPHA for the literates and the ARMY BETA for the non-literates

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22
Q

: two other famous trailblazers in the scientific approach; a married couple best known for the TIME AND MOTION STUDIES they conducted in the early twentieth century (aim to reduce fatigue and improve productivity)

A

FRANK AND LILLIAN GILBRETH

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23
Q

: founder of ford motor company; invented the assembly line, in which the workers stayed in one place and an individual laborer assembled one (and only one) part of a car as it moved along
on a mechanized conveyor belt

A

HENRY FORD

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24
Q

the interaction of human beings with tools; understanding and enhancing the safety and efficiency of the human-machine interaction is the central focus of ergonomics,

A

ERGONOMICS

25
Q

also called HUMAN FACTORS, a field that combine
engineering and psychology

A

ERGONOMICS

26
Q

origin of the term applied psychology, as those who conducted this work during the war were the first to apply the principles of psychological research to the workplace setting

A

FIELD OF ERGONOMICS

27
Q

: individuals who might have good ideas about the placement of buttons on a control panel or the preferred coloring of those buttons

A

 Cognition

28
Q

: individuals who might design training programs for the use of machines

A

 Learning

29
Q

individuals who might address issues such as living in a constrained environment like

A

Social and environmental psychologists

30
Q

, a PLANT OUTSIDE CHICAGO, conducted from 1927-1932 under the
leadership of psychologist and sociologist

A

WESTERN ELECTRIC HAWTHORNE WORKS

31
Q

: initially interested in examining how various work conditions could influence productivity (ex., room lighting, humidity, breaks, work hours, and management style); workers were
randomly assigned to one of two groups

A

Elton Mayo

32
Q

: workers’ feelings affect their work behavior
-a field experiment, demonstrated the value of research; worker perceptions of reality are more important than objective
reality

A

The Hawthorne Studies

33
Q

: tendency of individuals to perform better simply because of being singled out and made to feel important

A

HAWTHORNE EFFECT

34
Q

 characterized by the passage of several major pieces of civil rights legislation; use of sensitivity training and
T-GROUPS for managers

A

1960s

35
Q

: “BEYOND FREEDOM
AND DIGNITY “ resulted in the increase use of behavior modification techniques in organizations

A

 B.F. Skinner

36
Q

-increase use of fairly sophisticated statistical techniques and methods of analysis ; a new interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry -increased interest in the effects of work on family life and leisure activities -renewed interest in developing methods to select employees

A

1980s - 2000s

37
Q

committee designated to ensure the ethical treatment of research subjects

A

Institutional Review Board

38
Q

: the extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

A

Practical Significance

39
Q

† most powerful of all research methods; cause and effect relationship
† random assignment of subjects

A

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

40
Q

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE(s)

A

MANIPULATED

41
Q

DEPENDENT
VARIABLE(s)

A

BEING MEASURED

42
Q

informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant information

A

DEBRIEFING

43
Q

† no manipulation of variables
† measures naturally occurring association between two or more variables
† cannot inform researchers about causeeffect relationship between variables

A

CORRELATIONAL METHODS

44
Q

† use when some aspects of experimentation are possible but not all (i.e., no random assignments)
† more common in I/O psych than in many other areas of psychology

A

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

45
Q

† to ask people their opinion on some topic
† conducted by personal interview, phone, fax, internet, mail

A

SURVEY & INTERVIEWS

46
Q

† using previously collected data of records to answer questions
† not being obtrusive and not expensive
† Ex. Personal files, company records

A

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH

47
Q

† conducted in natural setting as opposed to a laboratory

A

FIELD RESEARCH

48
Q

† conducted in a laboratory setting that can be controlled more easily than research conducted in a field setting

A

LABORATORY RESEARCH

49
Q

† a training technique in which employees, usually in a group, are presented with a real or hypothetical workplace problem and are asked to propose the best solution

A

CASE STUDIES

50
Q

: case study based on a real situation rather than a hypothetical one

A

LIVING CASE

51
Q

† a statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research

A

META-ANALYSIS

52
Q

: used in meta-analysis, a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by an experimental manipulation

A

EFFECT SIZE

53
Q

: a meta-analysis statistic that is the average of the effects sizes for all studies included in the analysis

A

MEAN EFFECT SIZE

54
Q

: type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group

A

DIFFERENT SCORE

55
Q

: a correlation coefficient that has been corrected for predictor and criterion reliability and for range restriction

A

CORRECTED OR TRUE VALIDITY

56
Q

† a publication with the goal of bridging the gap between the research conducted by academics and the practical needs of practitioners

A

BRIDGE PUBLICATION

57
Q

† written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research

A

JOURNAL

58
Q

† an unscientific collection of articles about a wide range of topics

A

MAGAZINE

59
Q

† collection of articles for those “in the biz,” about related professional topics, seldom directly reporting the methods and
results of new research

A

TRADE MAGAZINE

I/O PSYCHOLOGY (8 decks)

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