Chapter 1

Question 1

Conflict model

Answer 1

Argues that the organization of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work competitively to produce justice, as apposed to cooperatively.

Question 2

Crime control perspective

Answer 2

Emphasizes the standardized, expeditious processing of defendents through the court system and the uniform punishment of offenders according to the severity of their actions.

Question 3

“Crime in the streets”

Answer 3

Often violence that occurs in a public area.

Question 4

Criminal justice

Answer 4

Is the delivery of justice to those who have been accused of crimes.

Question 5

Decriminalization

Answer 5

The removal of criminal penalties for drug law violations.

Question 6

Formal social control

Answer 6

Involve more direct action against a person such as suspension from school or arrest and incarceration in the criminal justice system.

Question 7

Indictment

Answer 7

When someone is given a formal notice that is believed that they commited a crime.

Question 8

Jail

Answer 8

An institution used to confine people awaiting trial and those sentenced for low level crimes, like misdemeanors.

Question 9

Mala in se

Answer 9

An innately immoral act, regardless of whether it is forbidden by law. (ex. Adultery, theft, and murder)

Question 10

Misdemeanor

Answer 10

A crime punishable by less then 12 months in jail.

Question 11

Probation

Answer 11

A court imposed criminal sentence that, subject to stated conditions and restrictions, releases a convicted criminal defendant into the community instead of confining him or her to jail or prison.

Question 12

Prosecution

Answer 12

To initiate criminal proceedings against a person.

Question 13

Probable cause

Answer 13

Reasonable grounds ( for making a search, pressing a charge, etc)

Question 14

Property crimes

Answer 14

The object of the theft type offenses is the taking of money or property, but there is no force or threat of force against the victims.

Question 15

Restorative justice

Answer 15

Seeks to examine the harmful impact of a crime and then determines what can be done to repair that harm while holding his or her actions.

Question 16

Consensus model

Answer 16

Argued that the organizations of a criminal justice system either do, or should, work cooperatively to produce justice, as opposed to competitively.

Question 17

Due process perspective

Answer 17

Focuses upon the rights of the defendant, who is presumed innocent until proven guilty, and aims at individualizing rehabilitation programs for those found guilty.

Question 18

“Crime in the suites”

Answer 18

Any illegal act by a corporation or too officials. (Ex. Fraud, tax evasion, price fixing, embezzlement, etc.)

Question 19

Criminology

Answer 19

Focuses on the sociological and psychological behaviors of criminals to determine why they commit crimes.

Question 20

Legalization

Answer 20

The process of renoving a legal prohibition against something witch is currently not legal.

Question 21

Informal social control

Answer 21

The ability of local neighborhoods to supervise the behavior of their residents and the capacity of neighborhoods to socialize their residents conventionally.

Question 22

Grand jury

Answer 22

A group of citizens who do not know the defendant can make an unbiased decision about the evidence before voting to charge an individual with crime.

Question 23

Prison

Answer 23

State or federal housing facilities that confine convicted felons with sentences typically longer than a year.

Question 24

Mala prohibita

Answer 24

Conduct that constitutes an unlawful act only by virtue of statue, as opposed to conduct that is evil in and of itself.

Question 25

Parole

Answer 25

A procedure by witch a board administratively releases inmates from prison for post release supervision.

Question 26

Defense

Answer 26

An act of protecting ones own interests

Question 27

Reasonable suspicion

Answer 27

Any reasonable person would suspect that a crime was in the process of being committed, had been committed or was going to be committed.

Question 28

Violent crimes

Answer 28

Those offenses which involve force or threat of force.

Question 29

Castle doctrine

Answer 29

Individuals have the right to use reasonable force, including deadly force, to protect themselves against an intruder in their home.

Question 30

Felony

Answer 30

Any offense punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year